Bioassay-Guided Chemical Study of the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Senna villosa (Miller) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Leguminosae) in TPA-Induced Ear Edema

Abstract

Senna villosa (Miller) is a plant that grows in México. In traditional Mexican medicine, it is used topically to treat skin infections, pustules and eruptions and to heal wounds by scar formation. However, studies of its potential anti-inflammatory effects have not been performed. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-inflammatory OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2014, 19 10262 effect of extracts from the leaves of Senna villosa and to perform a bioassay-guided chemical study of the extract with major activity in a model of ear edema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). The results reveal that the chloroform extract from Senna villosa leaves has anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. Nine fractions were obtained from the bioassay-guided chemical study, including a white precipitate from fractions 2 and 3. Although none of the nine fractions presented anti-inflammatory activity, the white precipitate exhibited pharmacological activity. It was chemically characterized using mass spectrometry and infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, resulting in a mixture of three aliphatic esters, which were identified as the principal constituents: hexyl tetradecanoate (C 20 H 40 O 2 ), heptyl tetradecanoate (C 21 H 42 O 2 ) and octyl tetradecanoate (C 22 H 44 O 2 ). This research provides, for the first time, evidence of the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties of compounds isolated from Senna villosa.

Ethanolic Extract of Folium Sennae Mediates the Glucose Uptake of L6 Cells by GLUT4 and Ca2+

“…The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010) and Chinese Materia Medica state that senna leaves contain four sennosides (A, B, C, and D), rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, physcion, tinnevellin glucoside, kaempferol, phytosterol and its glycosides, pine camphor, salicylic acid, and several other ingredients. In addition to being well known as a natural laxative [ 27 ], the senna leaf has been found to exhibit antioxidant [ 28 ], antibacterial [ 29 ], anti-inflammatory [ 30 ], antitumor [ 31 ], analgesic [ 32 ], antimalarial [ 33 ], and antidiabetic [ 34 ] activities. Ayinla et al reported that the ethanolic leaf extract of Senna fistula improved hematologic parameters, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats [ 35 ].…”

The Chemical Profile ofSenna velutinaLeaves and Their Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects

“…The search for new molecules with therapeutic properties, including antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activities, is facilitated by the vast biodiversity and bioprospecting potential in Brazil. Senna genus has been used in Brazilian folk medicine for its antioxidant, antimicrobial [ 11 ], anti-inflammatory [ 12 ], antidiabetic [ 13 ], and antitumor [ 14 ] activities, among other uses.…”

Topical Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Isorhamnetin Glycosides Isolated fromOpuntia ficus-indica

“…The inhibitory effect of the OFI extract on ear edema was comparable to that produced by the chloroform extract from Senna villosa leaves (57.9%) in the TPA-induced ear edema model and slightly greater (52.4%) than the extract of Pistacia khinjuk L. leaves, which also was rich in glycosylated flavonoids [ 42 , 43 ]. Some isolated compounds can be more potent anti-inflammatory drugs than their source extract.…”