Bioassay and biochemical analyses of insecticide resistance in southern African <i>Anopheles funestus</i> (Diptera: Culicidae)

Brooke, Basil D.; Kloke, G; Rh, Hunt; Ll, Koekemoer; Ea, Temu; Taylor, Matthew C.; Small, Graham; Hemingway, Janet; Coetzee, Maureen

doi:10.1079/ber2001108

Cited by 198 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…This suggests that these P450s may preferentially metabolize pyrethroids. The involvement of these P450s in cross-resistance between the carbamate and pyrethroid resistances was previously indicated by piperonyl butoxide synergist assays (9).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar patterns of pyrethroid resistance occur in An. funestus from Mozambique and South Africa (9,21). It is possible that this resistance front has now extended north from Mozambique, or it may have been selected de novo in Malawi.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…gambiae (7,8), whereas a cytochrome P450-based metabolic regulatory mechanism conveys very high-level pyrethroid and low-level carbamate resistance in An. funestus (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of pyrethroid resistance on operational malaria control in Malawi

Wondji

Coleman

Kleinschmidt

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

119

131

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The impact of insecticide resistance on insect-borne disease programs is difficult to quantify. The possibility of eliminating malaria in high-transmission settings is heavily dependent on effective vector control reducing disease transmission rates. Pyrethroids are the dominant insecticides used for malaria control, with few options for their replacement. Their failure will adversely affect our ability to control malaria. Pyrethroid resistance has been selected in Malawi over the last 3 y in the two major malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus , with a higher frequency of resistance in the latter. The resistance in An. funestus is metabolically based and involves the up-regulation of two duplicated P450s. The same genes confer resistance in Mozambican An. funestus , although the levels of up-regulation differ. The selection of resistance over 3 y has not increased malaria transmission, as judged by annual point prevalence surveys in 1- to 4-y-old children. This is true in areas with long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) alone or LLINs plus pyrethroid-based insecticide residual spraying (IRS). However, in districts where IRS was scaled up, it did not produce the expected decrease in malaria prevalence. As resistance increases in frequency from this low initial level, there is the potential for vector population numbers to increase with a concomitant negative impact on control efficacy. This should be monitored carefully as part of the operational activities in country.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of pyrethroid resistance on operational malaria control in Malawi

Wondji

Coleman

Kleinschmidt

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

119

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Insecticide exposures were conducted on multiple strains of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes, including the major malaria vectors Anopheles arabiensis (27)(28)(29), Anopheles funestus (30,31), and Anopheles gambiae s.s. (32, 33) with well-defined mechanisms and levels of resistance, using standard WHO resistance assays with 0.05% deltamethrin papers (Fig. S1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrostatic coating enhances bioavailability of insecticides and breaks pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes

Andriessen

Snetselaar

Suer

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Insecticide resistance poses a significant and increasing threat to the control of malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases. We present a novel method of insecticide application based on netting treated with an electrostatic coating that binds insecticidal particles through polarity. Electrostatic netting can hold small amounts of insecticides effectively and results in enhanced bioavailability upon contact by the insect. Six pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles mosquito strains from across Africa were exposed to similar concentrations of deltamethrin on electrostatic netting or a standard longlasting deltamethrin-coated bednet (PermaNet 2.0). Standard WHO exposure bioassays showed that electrostatic netting induced significantly higher mortality rates than the PermaNet, thereby effectively breaking mosquito resistance. Electrostatic netting also induced high mortality in resistant mosquito strains when a 15-fold lower dose of deltamethrin was applied and when the exposure time was reduced to only 5 s. Because different types of particles adhere to electrostatic netting, it is also possible to apply nonpyrethroid insecticides. Three insecticide classes were effective against strains of Aedes and Culex mosquitoes, demonstrating that electrostatic netting can be used to deploy a wide range of active insecticides against all major groups of disease-transmitting mosquitoes. Promising applications include the use of electrostatic coating on walls or eave curtains and in trapping/ contamination devices. We conclude that application of electrostatically adhered particles boosts the efficacy of WHO-recommended insecticides even against resistant mosquitoes. This innovative technique has potential to support the use of unconventional insecticide classes or combinations thereof, potentially offering a significant step forward in managing insecticide resistance in vector-control operations.electrostatic coating | insecticide | resistance management | mosquito | malaria

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“…With increased use of pyrethroid insecticides for malaria vector control in Africa, resistance to pyrethroids was reported in the major African malaria vectors, including Anopheles gambiae in Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Kenya and Mozambique (Elissa et al 1993, Vulule et al 1994, Curtis et al 1998, Chandre et al 1999, Casimiro 2006a, and An. funestus in Mozambique and South Africa (Hargreaves et al 2000, Brooke et al 2001, Casimiro et al 2006b). The distribution of mosquito resistance is uneven, with greater resistance reported in western and southern Africa than in eastern Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monooxygenase Levels and Knockdown Resistance (kdr) Allele Frequencies in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis in Kenya

Chen

Githeko

Githure

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Entomology

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Pyrethroid-treated bed nets and indoor spray are important components of malaria control strategies in Kenya. Information on resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis populations is essential to the selection of appropriate insecticides and the management of insecticide resistance. Monooxygenase activity and knockdown resistance (kdr) allele frequency are biochemical and molecular indicators of mosquito resistance to pyrethroids. This study determined baseline information on monooxygenase activity and kdr allele frequency in anopheline mosquitoes in the western region, the Great Rift Valley-central province region, and the coastal region of Kenya. A total of 1990 field-collected individuals, representing 12 An. gambiae and 22 An. arabiensis populations was analyzed. We found significant among-population variation in monooxygenase activity in An. gambiae and An. arabiensis and substantial variability among individuals within populations. Nine out of 12 An. gambiae populations exhibited significantly higher average monooxygenase activity than the susceptible Kisumu reference strain. The kdr alleles (L1014S) were detected in three An. gambiae populations, and one An. arabiensis population in western Kenya, but not in the Rift Valley-central region and the coastal Kenya region. All genotypes with the kdr alleles were heterozygous, and the conservative estimation of kdr allele frequency was below 1% in these four populations. Information on monooxygenase activity and kdr allele frequency reported in this study provided baseline data for monitoring insecticide resistance changes in Kenya during the era when large-scale insecticide-treated bednet and indoor residual spray campaigns were being implemented.

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Bioassay and biochemical analyses of insecticide resistance in southern African Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Cited by 198 publications

References 19 publications

Impact of pyrethroid resistance on operational malaria control in Malawi

Impact of pyrethroid resistance on operational malaria control in Malawi

Electrostatic coating enhances bioavailability of insecticides and breaks pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes

Monooxygenase Levels and Knockdown Resistance (kdr) Allele Frequencies in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis in Kenya

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