Bioactivity of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) cathepsin L: Proteolysis of bacteria and regulation of the innate immune response

Chiang, Yun-Ru; Wang, Lih-Chiann; Lin, Han-Tso; Lin, John Han-You

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.003

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…CTSL not only passively degrades microorganisms in food but may also contribute to the regulation of the innate immune response. In addition to antibacterial activity [ 54 , 57 ], CTSL also can modulate various immune pathways in insects. In citrus psyllids , knockdown experiments targeting CTSL led to substantial modifications within innate immune pathways, encompassing Toll, MyD88, IMD, Relish, Dorsal, Cactus, and FADD [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic expression of cathepsin L in the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) gut during Escherichia coli challenge

Chiang,

Lin,

Chang

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, has the potential to serve as a valuable resource for waste bioconversion due to the ability of the larvae to thrive in a microbial-rich environment. Being an ecological decomposer, the survival of BSF larvae (BSFL) relies on developing an efficient defense system. Cathepsin L (CTSL) is a cysteine protease that plays roles in physiological and pathological processes. In this study, the full-length of CTSL was obtained from BSF. The 1,020-bp open reading frame encoded a preprotein of 339 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 32 kDa. The pro-domain contained the conserved ERFNIN, GNYD, and GCNGG motifs, which are all characteristic of CTSL. Homology revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of BSF CTSL shared 74.22–72.99% identity with Diptera flies. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis showed the CTSL was predominantly localized in the gut, especially in the midgut. The mRNA expression of CTSL in different larval stages was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), which revealed that CTSL was expressed in the second to sixth instar, with the highest expression in the fifth instar. Following an immune challenge in vivo using Escherichia coli (E. coli), CTSL mRNA was significantly up-regulated at 6 h post-stimulation. The Z-Phe-Arg-AMC was gradually cleaved by the BSFL extract after 3 h post-stimulation. These results shed light on the potential role of CTSL in the defense mechanism that helps BSFL to survive against pathogens in a microbial-rich environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were homogenized in a PBS solution (0.01 M, 1 ml) in a grinder on ice. CTSL enzyme activity was quantified according to Werle’s report [ 59 ] with slight modifications outlined in our previous report [ 57 ]. BSFL were added to PBS, homogenized, and centrifuged at 4°C at 14,000 g for 30 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic expression of cathepsin L in the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) gut during Escherichia coli challenge

Chiang,

Lin,

Chang

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…NLRP3 is a pivotal gene that plays an important role in innate immune response, involved in release of cytokines and primary defense against microbes [ 43 – 45 ]. Cathepsin L ( CTSL ) [ 46 ] and NLR family member X1 ( NLRX1 ) were observed to be involved in innate immune response [ 47 ]. TRPM2 [ 48 ] and G-protein coupled receptor family C group 6 member A ( GPRC6A ) [ 49 ] were found to be important for the production of cytokines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of gene expression and regulators under salinity stress in gill of Labeo rohita

et al. 2023

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Background Labeo rohita is the most preferred freshwater carp species in India. The concern of increasing salinity concentration in freshwater bodies due to climate change may greatly impact the aquatic environment. Gills are one of the important osmoregulatory organs and have direct contact with external environment. Hence, the current study is conducted to understand the gill transcriptomic response of L. rohita under hypersalinity environment. Results Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs was performed in gills of L. rohita treated with 2, 4, 6 and 8ppt salinity concentrations. Networks of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA revealed involvement of 20, 33, 52 and 61 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 11, 13, 26 and 21 differentially expressed miRNAs in 2, 4, 6 and 8ppt groups between control and treatment respectively. These lncRNA-miRNA pairs were regulating 87, 214, 499 and 435 differentially expressed mRNAs (DE mRNAs) in 2, 4, 6 and 8ppt treatments respectively. Functional analysis of these genes showed enrichment in pathways related to ion transportation and osmolyte production to cope with induced osmotic pressure due to high salt concentration. Pathways related to signal transduction (MAPK, FOXO and phosphatidylinositol signaling), and environmental information processing were also upregulated under hypersalinity. Energy metabolism and innate immune response pathways also appear to be regulated. Protein turnover was high at 8ppt as evidenced by enrichment of the proteasome and aminoacyl tRNA synthesis pathways, along with other enriched KEGG terms such as apoptosis, cellular senescence and cell cycle. Conclusion Altogether, the RNA-seq analysis provided valuable insights into competitive endogenous (lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA) regulatory network of L. rohita under salinity stress. L. rohita is adapting to the salinity stress by means of upregulating protein turnover, osmolyte production and removing the damaged cells using apoptotic pathway and regulating the cell growth and hence diverting the essential energy for coping with salinity stress.

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“…Because the V‐ATPase complex is mainly located at the edge of tumour cells which may induce the acidification of TME and furtherly promote the growth of cancer 79 . In addition, the acidic TME provides extremely suitable living conditions for the proteolytic activity of cathepsins especially the lysosomal cathepsins, since the activity of most of the cathepsins could be enhanced in an acidic condition 80 . And they could activate growth factors and proteases or degrade components of the extracellular matrix to promote progression.…”

Section: Tumour Microenvironment Is the Main Medium For The Prolifera...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 79 In addition, the acidic TME provides extremely suitable living conditions for the proteolytic activity of cathepsins especially the lysosomal cathepsins, since the activity of most of the cathepsins could be enhanced in an acidic condition. 80 And they could activate growth factors and proteases or degrade components of the extracellular matrix to promote progression. For instance, Cathepsin B (Cat B) can upregulate the function of MMPs which leads to the detachment of cells leading to the initiation of the cell migration.…”

Section: Tumour Microenvironment Is the Main Medium For The Prolifera...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton pump inhibitors display anti‐tumour potential in glioma

Rao

2022

Cell Proliferation

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Objectives: Glioma is one of the most aggressive brain tumours with poor overall survival despite advanced technology in surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiation.Progression and recurrence are the hinge causes of low survival. Our aim is to explain the concrete mechanism in the proliferation and progression of tumours based on tumour microenvironment (TME). The main purpose is to illustrate the mechanism of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in affecting acidity, hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and autophagy based on the TME to induce apoptosis and enhance the sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy.Findings: TME is the main medium for tumour growth and progression. Acidity, hypoxia, inflammatory response, autophagy, angiogenesis and so on are the main causes of tumour progress. PPIs, as a common clinical drug to inhibit gastric acid secretion, have the advantages of fast onset, long action time and small adverse reactions.Nowadays, several kinds of literature highlight the potential of PPIs in inhibiting tumour progression. However, long-term use of PPIs alone also has obvious side effects. Therefore, till now, how to apply PPIs to promote the effect of radiochemotherapy and find the concrete dose and concentration of combined use are novel challenges.Conclusions: PPIs display the potential in enhancing the sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy to defend against glioma based on TME. In the clinic, it is also necessary to explore specific concentrations and dosages in synthetic applications. | BACKGROUNDGlioma is one of the most aggressive brain tumours. Histologically, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified the tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) into astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and ependymoma. In addition, gliomas are classified into four grades according to the degree of malignancy. Types I and II are low-grade gliomas and types III and IV are high-grade gliomas. [1][2][3] The clinical cure rate and 5-year survival rate of patients are all very low. The prognosis is very dismal and the average survival period is only about 1 year. One of the main reasons for the poor prognosis of patients is that glioma is prone to drug resistance to chemoradiation therapy resistance. 4,5 Therefore, it is urgent to explore new strategies for glioma treatment.Pump proton inhibitors (PPIs) are a drug of choice for inhibiting gastric acid secretion. In clinical, they are the first-line option to treat peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, zoai syndrome and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. 6,7 It has become the first-line drug for abnormal gastric acid secretion and related diseases combined with amoxicillin, clarithromycin and other drugs to treat Helicobacter pylori infection. 8,9 PPIs have the advantages of fast onset, strong acid inhibition, long action time, low blood drug concentration and low

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Bioactivity of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) cathepsin L: Proteolysis of bacteria and regulation of the innate immune response

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Dynamic expression of cathepsin L in the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) gut during Escherichia coli challenge

Dynamic expression of cathepsin L in the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) gut during Escherichia coli challenge

Interplay of gene expression and regulators under salinity stress in gill of Labeo rohita

Proton pump inhibitors display anti‐tumour potential in glioma

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