Bioactivity of Neem, Azadirachta indica, Against Spittlebug Mahanarva fimbriolata (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) on Sugarcane

Abstract

The effects of 2 concentrations (15 and 30%) of ethanolic Argemone ochroleuca Sweet (Papaveraceae) extracts were determined on the feeding behavior and development of 3rd instar larvae of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) through their continuous ingestion of treated maize leaves for 48 h. The extracts were obtained from dried whole plants including stems, leaves, and flowers. Armyworm food consumption was slightly reduced (by 13 to 14%) at both concentrations compared with the controls. Larval growth was significantly affected only at the highest concentration, with a 23% reduction in larval weight after 48 h of feeding on the treated leaves and a 38% reduction after another 48 h of feeding on an untreated artificial diet. By contrast, the duration of the larval and pupal stages was prolonged by 43% (from 13.5 to 19.4 d) and by 8% (from 2.1 to 2.2 d), respectively. Total larval mortality was also higher at the highest concentration (31%) than in controls (10%). During the pupal stage, neither the number of pupae that formed nor their mortality or weight was significantly affected by the treatments. However, both of the bioassay concentrations significantly lengthened the duration of the pupal stage in males, whereas in females, only the higher concentration did. In addition, no effect was observed on the adult emergence, sex ratio, and fecundity. In summary, the primary effect of ethanolic A. ochroleuca extracts appears to be a reduction in feeding, which simultaneously slows larval growth and increases mortality.

A comprehensive review of phytochemical profile, bioactives for pharmaceuticals, and pharmacological attributes of Azadirachta indica

“…Longevity of M . fimbriolata along with morphological and physiological changes in the eggs was controlled by aqueous seed extracts (Garcia, Grisoto, Vendramim, & Botelho, ). Effect of A .…”

Influence of Azadirachtin and Methoxyfenozide on Life Parameters of <I>Spodoptera littoralis</I> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…Both azadirachtin and methoxyfenozide have been reported to be safer for beneÞcial organisms than conventional products (Medina et al 2004;Schneider et al 2004Schneider et al , 2008. Their favorable ecotoxicological proÞle and short period of persistence in the environment make these compounds a good choice for integrated pest management (IPM) programs in ornamental and vegetable crops (Garcia et al 2006, Pineda et al 2006.…”

Development of insecticide resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito from different locations in India

“…[33][34][35][36][37] In the present study, the susceptibility status showed the slight development of resistance against Neemarin in JD (5.67-fold), BKN (4.33-fold), BTH (2.57-fold) and JMN (1.35-fold) strains of this mosquito; however, the level of resistance is much lower than for temephos and fenthion. For vector control, different formulations of pyrethroids have also been used, such as mosquito coils, mats, liquid formulations, and treated bed nets with direct exposure to mosquitoes, which may lead to the development of resistance.…”