Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) is the most important pest of sugarcane harvested without the use of fire to burn leaf trash. Its biology was studied for three generations in order to obtain basic information about its life cycle. A fertility life table was used to evaluate the quality of laboratory-reared insects. Data were obtained at a temperature of 25 ± 1ºC, RH of 70 ± 10%, and a 14-hour photophase. The incubation period lasted 21 days with a viability of 81%; the nymph stage had a duration of 37 days, with a 94% viability; the male and female longevities were 18 and 23 days, respectively, with a pre-oviposition period of 5 days and an oviposition period of 16 days, with a fecundity of 342 eggs, with a life-cycle (egg-adult) of 60 days. A net reproductive rate (Ro) of 131 females produced per female per generation was measured, with a finite rate of increase (λ) of 1.085. The fertility life table proved to be adequate to be evaluate the quality of laboratory-reared M. fimbriolata populations.
The sugarcane spittlebug Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) is a pest of mechanically-harvested sugarcane in Brazil, when trash burning is not performed. To better understand the differences in feeding behavior of adults and nymphs of this pest and the subsequent disorders that arise, stylet penetration through fixation, staining and sectioning was investigated. Nymphs cause a "physiological disorder" damaging the tracheary system of the roots, slowing or preventing water and nutrient flow, with phloem and xylem dehydration. Nymphs insert their stylets through the epidermis, crossing the cortex, endodermis and pericycle before reaching the vascular cylinder, where they feed in the sieve-tube elements of the primary phloem. In contrast, adults feed on leaves, causing "sugarcane burn", and reducing plant photosynthesis. Adults introduce the stylets into the leaf blade through the stomata, passing the chlorophyll-bearing parenchyma cells before reaching the metaxylem in the vascular bundles. Key words: anatomy, insect-plant interaction, salivary sheath, vascular tissue SÍTIO DE ALIMENTAÇÃO DE Mahanarva fimbriolata (STÅL) (HEMIPTERA: CERCOPIDAE) EM CANA-DE-AÇÚCARRESUMO: Atualmente, a cigarrinha-das-raízes, Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae), é a principal praga da cana-de-açúcar colhida mecanicamente, sem a queima da palha. As ninfas causam a "desordem fisiológica" em decorrência das picadas que atingem os elementos traqueais da raiz e os deterioram, dificultando ou impedindo o fluxo de água e de nutrientes, caracterizado pela desidratação do floema e do xilema. Ao contrário das ninfas, os adultos alimentam-se nas folhas e ocasionam a "queima da cana-de-açúcar", conseqüência das toxinas, injetadas ao se alimentar, reduzindo sensivelmente a capacidade de fotossíntese da planta. As ninfas de M. fimbriolata, para sugarem a seiva nas raízes, inserem seus estiletes pela epiderme, atravessam todo o córtex e atingem o cilindro vascular, realizando a alimentação nos elementos do tubo crivado do floema primário. Na lâmina foliar, os adultos de M. fimbriolata introduzem seus estiletes preferencialmente pelos estômatos, atravessam as células do parênquima clorofiliano e atingem o metaxilema nos feixes vasculares. Palavras-chave: anatomia, interação inseto-planta, bainha salivar, floema e xilema
EFEITO DE VARIEDADES DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE Mahanarva fimbriolata (STÅL, 1854) (HEMIPTERA: CERCOPIDAE) Resumo A cigarrinha-das-raízes, Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål, 1854) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae), é considerada a principal praga da cana-de-açúcar colhida sem despalha a fogo, cana crua, no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a biologia de M. fimbriolata em seis variedades de cana-de-açúcar: SP79-1011, SP80-1816, SP80-1842, SP81-3250, RB72454 e RB835486. Os dados foram obtidos à temperatura de 25 ± 1°C, UR de 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 14 horas. A variedade RB72454 reduziu em 50% a população de ninfas alimentadas em suas raízes, destacando-se das demais. Em relação aos adultos, a variedade SP81-3250 possibilitou maior longevidade média de machos (38 dias) e de fêmeas (51 dias), maior período médio de oviposição (46 dias) e elevada fecundidade média (1215 ovos / fêmea), parâmetros estes diferentes estatisticamente dos obtidos nas outras variedades. Independentemente da variedade, os ovos de M. fimbriolata não apresentaram diferenças no período de desenvolvimento e na viabilidade. Dessa forma, a variedade SP81-3250 deve ser evitada em áreas propícias ao aparecimento e ocorrência de Mahanarva fimbriolata.
The silage quality of Brachiaria brizantha cultivars ensiled with different levels of millet meal was evaluated. The experimental design was a completely randomized with three replications in a factorial 3 x 4, with three cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha: marandu, xaraés, and piatã and four levels of millet meal 0, 5, 10, and 15%. The addition of millet meal improved the quality of B. brizantha silage. The inclusion of the additive at 15% provided the best nutritional values. The piatã silage had the lowest contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin and the highest content of total digestible nutrients, being a better quality silage as compared to those of xaraés and marandu grasses. Palavras-chave: farelo de milheto, capim-marandu, capim-xaraés, capim-piatã
The increased rate of sugarcane harvest without previous burn has provided a very favorable environment to the froghopper Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stal, 1854), with high moisture and low temperature variation. Few works have studied the response of sugarcane to this pest, so little is known about resistant cultivars. Plant phenolics are widely studied compounds because of their known antiherbivore effect. This research aims to determine if the attack of M. fimbriolata nymphs stimulates the accumulation of total phenolics in sugarcane. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse and arranged in completely randomized design, in a 3 × 2 × 4 factorial with three replications. Second instar nymphs of M. fimbriolata were infested at the following rates: control, 2-4 and 4-8 nymphs per pot (first-second infestations, respectively). Pots were covered with nylon net and monitored daily to isolate the effect of leaf sucking adults. Leaf and root samples were collected and kept frozen in liquid nitrogen until analyses. Infested plants showed higher levels of phenolics in both root and leaf tissues. In roots, the cultivar SP80-1816 accumulated more phenolic compounds in response to the infestation of M. fimbriolata. On the other hand, higher levels were found in leaves and roots of control plants of SP86-42, which might be an indication of a non-preference mechanism. The increase of total phenolics in sugarcane infested with root-sucking froghopper nymphs does not seem to be useful to detect the resistance to this pest. Key words: Saccharum spp., phenolic compounds, secondary metabolism, plant-insect interaction INFESTAÇÃO DE NINFAS DE CIGARRINHAS-DAS-RAÍZES ALTERA A QUANTIDADE DE COMPOSTOS FENÓLICOS EM CANA-DE-AÇÚCARRESUMO: Com a intensificação da colheita mecanizada da cana-de-açúcar sem queima da palhada, a cigarrinha-das-raízes Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stal, 1854) tornou-se uma das principais pragas da cultura, favorecida pelas condições de umidade e baixa variação de temperatura do solo. Poucos trabalhos são dedicados ao estudo da resposta da planta ao ataque deste inseto, dificultando o conhecimento de cultivares resistentes. Os compostos fenólicos são muito estudados por sua ação anti-herbivoria. A presente pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de verificar se o ataque de ninfas de M. fimbriolata induz alterações na quantidade de fenóis totais em cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação, com condições de temperatura e umidade controladas, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 2 × 4 e três repetições. Ninfas de segundo ínstar de M. fimbriolata foram inoculadas no sistema radicular das plantas, nos níveis: controle, 2-4 e 4-8 ninfas por vaso (primeira-segunda infestação, respectivamente
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