Bioactivity Improvement of Forsterite-Based Scaffolds with nano-58S Bioactive Glass

Abstract

Forsterite-based composite scaffolds with interconnected pore architecture were successfully manufactured via selective laser sintering. The nano-58S bioactive glass (BG) was added to forsterite for purpose of improving the bioactivity of the composite scaffolds. The effect of nano-58S BG contents on the biological behavior and mechanical properties was investigated. The results showed that the composite scaffolds could induce the formation of apatite compared with the pure forsterite scaffolds. Moreover, with increasing nano-58S BG, the scattered spherical apatite particles accumulated continuously and covered the whole surface. At last the apatite layer became sponge-like shape. The presence of apatite was confirmed with scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, MG-63 cells adhesion was enhanced with increase in the amount of the nano-58S BG. Besides, the maximum compressive strength was 43.9 AE 1.1 MPa when the nano-58S BG was 20.0 wt%. This study indicated that the composite scaffolds have a potential for bone tissue engineering.

Recent developments in 3D printable composite materials

“…The key issues for consideration in the 3D printing of composite objects for biomedical applications include biocompatibility, [18][19][20][21][22][23] mechanical strength, 24,25 and improved biomimicking of tissues structures. 26 Bone scaffolds, porous structures with highly interconnected networks of channels, are used for bone tissue engineering and to provide a template for initial attachment of patient-derived cells, to facilitate subsequent formation of tissues.…”

“…38 In addition to mechanical strength, biodegradability 41 and controlled bioactivity are other important concerns when developing materials for the fabrication of scaffolds with potential to stimulate bone regeneration, cell proliferation or combat infection. [18][19][20][21][22] Such biological properties of scaffolds can be enhanced by the addition of appropriate fillers into the matrix powder. For example, Fielding et al (2012) incorporated ZnO and SiO 2 into calcium phosphate powder for the development of composite material with enhanced mechanical and biological properties.…”

Wollastonite/forsterite composite scaffolds offer better surface for hydroxyapatite formation

“…The major requirements for a typical biomaterial are biodegradability, enough strength and excellent efficiency to interact with the surrounding tissues and bones in the body. These criteria can be achieved by developing bioactive porous ceramic-ceramic scaffolds which can trigger the regeneration of new bone tissues and the biomechanical load tolerance during bone formation [1][2][3][4]. Forsterite (Mg 2 SiO 4 ) is a bioceramic having mechanical properties superior to hydroxyapatite (HAp) and bioglass [5].…”

Mechanisms of tetraneedlelike ZnO whiskers reinforced forsterite/bioglass scaffolds

“…In the mixing process, 80 wt.% forsterite and 20 wt.% BG powders were first well homogenized with ball-milling for 2 h [24]. Then, the T-ZnOw was added to the milled forsterite/BG powders in the range 1-5 wt.%.…”