Bioactives of Momordica charantia as Potential Anti-Diabetic/Hypoglycemic Agents

Abstract

Momordica charantia L., a member of the Curcubitaceae family, has traditionally been used as herbal medicine and as a vegetable. Functional ingredients of M. charantia play important roles in body health and human nutrition, which can be used directly or indirectly in treating or preventing hyperglycemia-related chronic diseases in humans. The hypoglycemic effects of M. charantia have been known for years. In this paper, the research progress of M. charantia phytobioactives and their hypoglycemic effects and related mechanisms, especially relating to diabetes mellitus, has been reviewed. Moreover, the clinical application of M. charantia in treating diabetes mellitus is also discussed, hoping to broaden the application of M. charantia as functional food.

Effects of Dietary Momordica Charantia Supplementations on Broiler Performance, Blood Parameters, Meat Quality, and Intestinal Morphology

“…MC has a hypoglycemic effect due to its content of phyto-constituent called charantin, insulin-like peptides, and alkaloids [2,9,19]. Studies on the hypoglycemic effect of MC have generally been conducted in rats and humans with diabetes [3,4,20]. However, the current study results show that MC has no effect on the blood glucose level in broiler (Table 2).…”

Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus and Their Glucose Uptake Activity in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

“…By comparing the measured NMR ( 1 H and 13 C) and MS data to those reported in the literature, the known dammarane triterpenoid saponins were identified as cyclocarioside L (5) [27], cypaliuruside M (6) [29], cyclocarioside J (7) [30], cyclocarioside Z 18 (8) [25], cyclocarioside Z 10 (9) [25], cyclocarioside H (10) [31], 2α,3α,23-trihydroxy-12,20(30)-dien-28-ursolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11) [32], 1-oxo-3β,23-dihydroxy olean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12) [33].…”

“…Cypaliuruside Z 2 (2): white amorphous powder; [α] Cyclocarioside J (7): white amorphous powder. Cyclocarioside Z 18 (8): white amorphous powder. Cyclocarioside Z 10 (9): white amorphous powder.…”

“…Triterpenoids, with a wide variety of structural types and extensive biological activity, are important compounds for the prevention and treatment of various kinds of diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, cancer, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, bone disease, liver disease, kidney disease, aging, gastrointestinal disease, mental illness involving depression, and skin aging [1-5]. Among triterpenoids, dammarane triterpenoids exhibit the most significant hypoglycemic activity [6][7][8].…”

New Dipterocarpol‐Based Molecules with α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory and Hypoglycemic Activity

“…[13] Dammarane triterpenes has been shown to be useful in the treatment or prevention of diabetes as hypoglycemic and insulin-sensitizing as well as lipid-lowering agents. [5,[14][15][16] Dipterocarpus alatus (DA) is one of the most famous tropical trees in the forests of Southeast Asia that belongs to the family Dipterocarpaceae being widely used in traditional medicines. [17] Dipterocarpol is a major triterpene component in DA oleoresin.…”