Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus and Their Glucose Uptake Activity in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Abstract

Four new dammarane triterpenoid saponins cypaliurusides Z1–Z4 (1–4) and eight known analogs (5–12) were isolated from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined using a comprehensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. The docking study demonstrated that compound 10 strongly bonded with PTP1B (a potential drug target for the treatment of type-II diabetes and obesity), hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions, verifying the importance of sugar unit. The effects of the isolates on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were evaluated and three dammarane triterpenoid saponins (6, 7 and 10) were found to enhance insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, compounds 6, 7, and 10 exhibited potent abilities to promote insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, the abundant dammarane triterpenoid saponins from C. paliurus leaves exhibited stimulatory effects on glucose uptake with application potential as a antidiabetic treatment.

New Dipterocarpol‐Based Molecules with α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory and Hypoglycemic Activity

“…[57,58] When cell membranes are destroyed, endoperoxides of polyunsaturated fatty acids are formed; as a result of their degradation, malondialdehyde and other low molecular weight aldehydes (products that react with 2thiobarbituric acid) are formed as markers for enhancing lipid peroxidation processes. [63] In untreated animals with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, the MDA value increased 1.4 times (p = 0.014217) compared to intact animals, which indicates an increase in the processes of lipid peroxidation in the liver.…”

“…Research into the nootropic properties of compound 3 m is interesting since there is evidence of the nootropic activity of dammarane triterpenoid isolated from Aralia taibaiensis in a model of pathological aging caused by D-galactose in rats, the com- pound improved memory and cognitive function when treated for 8 weeks. [63] Values are mean � SEM. n -number of animals in the group.…”

“…[13] Dammarane triterpenes has been shown to be useful in the treatment or prevention of diabetes as hypoglycemic and insulin-sensitizing as well as lipid-lowering agents. [5,[14][15][16] Dipterocarpus alatus (DA) is one of the most famous tropical trees in the forests of Southeast Asia that belongs to the family Dipterocarpaceae being widely used in traditional medicines. [17] Dipterocarpol is a major triterpene component in DA oleoresin.…”