Bioactive toxins from stinging jellyfish

Badré, Sophie

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.09.010

Cited by 48 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(230 reference statements)

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“…Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are common constituents in cnidarian venoms (reviewed in [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]). In C. fuscescens , two putative PFTs were identified in the venom proteome, one with sequence similarity to a growing family of jellyfish cytolysins (comp13207_c0_seq1), and the other, a novel protein (comp12925_c0_seq1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The venomous nature of cnidarians is defined by the nematocyst, a complex intracellular structure that injects a venomous cocktail into prey or predators that come in contact with the tentacles or other body parts of cnidarians. Nematocyst venoms are mixtures of peptides, proteins and other components that can cause cytotoxicity, ion channels blockade, membrane pore formation, in vivo cardiovascular collapse and lethal effects in experimental animals (reviewed in [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tentacle Transcriptome and Venom Proteome of the Pacific Sea Nettle, Chrysaora fuscescens (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

Ponce

Brinkman

Potriquet

et al. 2016

Toxins

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Jellyfish venoms are rich sources of toxins designed to capture prey or deter predators, but they can also elicit harmful effects in humans. In this study, an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach was used to identify putative toxins and their potential role in the venom of the scyphozoan jellyfish Chrysaora fuscescens. A de novo tentacle transcriptome, containing more than 23,000 contigs, was constructed and used in proteomic analysis of C. fuscescens venom to identify potential toxins. From a total of 163 proteins identified in the venom proteome, 27 were classified as putative toxins and grouped into six protein families: proteinases, venom allergens, C-type lectins, pore-forming toxins, glycoside hydrolases and enzyme inhibitors. Other putative toxins identified in the transcriptome, but not the proteome, included additional proteinases as well as lipases and deoxyribonucleases. Sequence analysis also revealed the presence of ShKT domains in two putative venom proteins from the proteome and an additional 15 from the transcriptome, suggesting potential ion channel blockade or modulatory activities. Comparison of these potential toxins to those from other cnidarians provided insight into their possible roles in C. fuscescens venom and an overview of the diversity of potential toxin families in cnidarian venoms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tentacle Transcriptome and Venom Proteome of the Pacific Sea Nettle, Chrysaora fuscescens (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

Ponce

Brinkman

Potriquet

et al. 2016

Toxins

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“…Overall, the topic of jellyfish mucus is an understudied field, despite the ecological importance of mucus in antimicrobial and environmental stress protection and chemical defense 44,45 , relevance of toxic bioactive compounds found within venom 46,47 , and the potential importance to non-cnidarian taxa. Given the recent publication of the first reference genome for Cassiopea xamachana 14 , a thorough investigation into the molecular pathways underlying the development and release of cassiosomes and comparisons with nematocyst-enriched structures in other cnidarians (e.g., nematosomes, acontia and acrorhagi) can now be undertaken.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cassiosomes are stinging-cell structures in the mucus of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana

et al. 2020

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Snorkelers in mangrove forest waters inhabited by the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana report discomfort due to a sensation known as stinging water, the cause of which is unknown. Using a combination of histology, microscopy, microfluidics, videography, molecular biology, and mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we describe C. xamachana stinging-cell structures that we term cassiosomes. These structures are released within C. xamachana mucus and are capable of killing prey. Cassiosomes consist of an outer epithelial layer mainly composed of nematocytes surrounding a core filled by endosymbiotic dinoflagellates hosted within amoebocytes and presumptive mesoglea. Furthermore, we report cassiosome structures in four additional jellyfish species in the same taxonomic group as C. xamachana (Class Scyphozoa; Order Rhizostomeae), categorized as either motile (ciliated) or nonmotile types. This inaugural study provides a qualitative assessment of the stinging contents of C. xamachana mucus and implicates mucus containing cassiosomes and free intact nematocytes as the cause of stinging water.

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“…The concentration of total protein in venom extracts can be determined with the Bradford method [ 19 , 54 ], or by measuring absorbance at 280 nm and using bovine serum albumin as a reference standard [ 15 ] or by a Pierce BCA assay kit [ 9 , 12 , 13 , 20 , 26 , 46 , 55 ]. Alternatively, Nanodrop™ also estimates total protein from extracts [ 44 ].…”

Section: Proteomics In Jellyfishmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maisano et al [ 27 ] inserted its extracts in a BioSuite 250, 10 µm SEC, 7.5 × 300 mm column. Nagai et al [ 12 , 13 , 20 , 55 ] applied venom extracts first to an ion-exchange HPLC, TSK-GEL CM-650S column and then to a TSK-GEL CM-5PW column. Throughout the purification process, each fraction was checked for its hemolytic activity and pooled.…”

Section: Proteomics In Jellyfishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jellyfish Bioactive Compounds: Methods for Wet-Lab Work

Frazão

Antunes

2016

Marine Drugs

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The study of bioactive compounds from marine animals has provided, over time, an endless source of interesting molecules. Jellyfish are commonly targets of study due to their toxic proteins. However, there is a gap in reviewing successful wet-lab methods employed in these animals, which compromises the fast progress in the detection of related biomolecules. Here, we provide a compilation of the most effective wet-lab methodologies for jellyfish venom extraction prior to proteomic analysis—separation, identification and toxicity assays. This includes SDS-PAGE, 2DE, gel chromatography, HPLC, DEAE, LC-MS, MALDI, Western blot, hemolytic assay, antimicrobial assay and protease activity assay. For a more comprehensive approach, jellyfish toxicity studies should further consider transcriptome sequencing. We reviewed such methodologies and other genomic techniques used prior to the deep sequencing of transcripts, including RNA extraction, construction of cDNA libraries and RACE. Overall, we provide an overview of the most promising methods and their successful implementation for optimizing time and effort when studying jellyfish.

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Bioactive toxins from stinging jellyfish

Cited by 48 publications

References 111 publications

Tentacle Transcriptome and Venom Proteome of the Pacific Sea Nettle, Chrysaora fuscescens (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

Tentacle Transcriptome and Venom Proteome of the Pacific Sea Nettle, Chrysaora fuscescens (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

Cassiosomes are stinging-cell structures in the mucus of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana

Jellyfish Bioactive Compounds: Methods for Wet-Lab Work

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