Bioactive Polyphenols from Grapes and Wine Emphasized with Resveratrol

Abstract

Grape polyphenols are abundant. They play essential roles in the plant's life, particularly in defence mechanisms. Moreover, the grape, fresh or dried, is a widely consumed fruit by humans, as are its by-products, grape juice and wine. They also contain vast and highly varied quantities of polyphenols. Like other phytophenols, grape and wine resveratrol is considered a protective micronutrient. Resveratrol is a well known antioxidant, for example, a protector of low-density lipoproteins against oxidation. Its applications are therefore highly varied. Research supports the idea that wine consumed regularly, without excess, is a natural biological product possesses preventive properties, and not only well-known properties against vascular diseases (illustrated by the so-called French paradox). At least in experimental models so far, resveratrol prevents infections, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. This review addresses whether the pro-longevity properties of resveratrol are preserved in the human species. If such is the case, it will be possible to imagine new ways of eating based on natural foods, with or without supplements, based on resveratrol. On the other hand, studies such as ours are investigating the synergies between resveratrol and some of the many polyphenols found in wine. These studies should fill in the gaps between the study of a molecule tested in isolation or in a binary system (e.g., with alcohol) and this same molecule in its biological context.

Resveratrol Attenuates Microglial Activation via SIRT1‐SOCS1 Pathway

“…In recent years, a large number of studies were performed to investigate the potential medical applications of resveratrol, including antitumor, anti-inflammation, and antioxidation applications and preventing cardiovascular disorders [28–30]. As red wine is rich in resveratrol, this is believed to be the essential factor in the French Paradox [31], a term used frequently to summarize the epidemiological observation that the French have a very low incidence of coronary heart disease despite having a diet rich in saturated fats. In addition, some latest investigations showed that resveratrol induces neuroprotections; the exact mechanism, however, is still elusive.…”

Effects of resveratrol on growth and skeletal muscle physiology of juvenile southern flounder

“…ROS can cause oxidation of proteins, peroxidation of lipids, and breaks in DNA (Latruffe and Rifler, 2013). In most cells, ROS are primarily generated within the mitochondria where oxygen is converted into the superoxide anion, which occurs when dioxygen is reduced by one electron (Latruffe and Rifler, 2013).…”

“…ROS can cause oxidation of proteins, peroxidation of lipids, and breaks in DNA (Latruffe and Rifler, 2013). In most cells, ROS are primarily generated within the mitochondria where oxygen is converted into the superoxide anion, which occurs when dioxygen is reduced by one electron (Latruffe and Rifler, 2013). Cells have mechanisms to manage ROS levels, such as antioxidant enzymes (Nyström, 2005), and dietary antioxidant molecules such as vitamins E and C (Hamre et al, 2004).…”

“…Cells have mechanisms to manage ROS levels, such as antioxidant enzymes (Nyström, 2005), and dietary antioxidant molecules such as vitamins E and C (Hamre et al, 2004). However, an oxidative challenge can occur if the formation of ROS exceeds the organism's antioxidant defenses, and at least some oxidative damage is an unavoidable consequence of respiration (Rice-Evans and Burdon, 1993;Pandey and Rizvi, 2011;Latruffe and Rifler, 2013). For example, protein carbonylation is an irreversible modification that occurs fairly rapidly during oxidative stress and is a commonly measured indicator of ROS induced protein damage (Dalle-Donne et al, 2003;Nyström, 2005).…”

“…Resveratrol is an antioxidant compound in the stilbene group of polyphenols that can be found in the skins of red grapes as well as other plants such as peanuts (Latruffe and Rifler, 2013). Resveratrol has been implicated in protection against aging, obesity, and development of insulin resistance in rodents (Baur et al, 2006;Lagouge et al, 2006;Park et al, 2012).…”