Bioactive norditerpenoids from the soft coral Sinularia gyrosa

Marine soft corals as source of lead compounds for anti-inflammatories

“…Compounds 16 and 17 were shown to exert significant in vitro anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7. Cheng et al also found gyrosanolides B (18) and C (19) from Sinularia gyrosa [26]. Compounds 18 and 19 at concentration of 10 μmol/L did not inhibit the COX-2 protein expression, but significantly reduced the levels of the iNOS protein (55.2% ± 14.6%, 10.6% ± 4.6%, respectively) by LPS stimulation (Figure 2).…”

Cembrane Diterpenes Chemistry and Biological Properties

“…Gorgonians and soft corals, two groups of coelenterates that belong to the orders Gorgonacea and Alcyonacea respectively, are [45,46,50] Sarcophyton flexuosum 15-17, [11] Sarcophyton stolidotum 372-378 [114] Sarcophyton elegans 18, 19 [12] Sarcophyton cherbonnieri 277, 279, 541 [89] Sarcophyton ehrenbergi 20-23, 204, 205, 263, 542, 543 [13,14] Sarcophyton tortrrosurn 154, 592-594 [58] Sarcophyton tortuosum 585-591 [169,170] Sinularia dissecta 482, 618 [146,176] Sinularia maxima Sinularia polydactyla 516-518, 635-637 [156,180,181] Sinularia maxima 478, 479 [144] Sinularia scabra 507-512 [153][154][155] Sarcophyton crassocaule 440, 441 [17,127,128] Sinularia manaarensis 383-391 [117] Sinularia erecta 498, 500, 609, 610 [151,152] Sinularia leptoclados 491-493 [150] Sinularia lochmodes 496-498, 461 [174,189] Sinularia querciformis 432-435 [126] Sinularia polydactyla 290, 291 [88] Sinularia grandilobata 112-116 [41] [125,150] Sinularia mayi 292-294, 615 [92] Sinularia gyrosaisolated 500-505 [53] Sinularia ovispiculata 56 [26] unidentified soft coral 134-141 [51] Euniceu sp. 52, 58-63, 627-631, 640-644 [24...…”

“…Gyrosanolides A-F (501-506) have been reported from the soft coral Sinularia gyrosaisolated. Compounds 501-503 at concentration of 10 μM did not inhibit the COX-2 protein expression, but reduced the levels of the iNOS protein (55.2 ± 14.6%, 18.6 ± 6.7%, 10.6 ± 4.6%, respectively) by LPS stimulation [53]. Investigation of the chemical constituents of a Taiwanese soft coral Sinularia scabra has afforded five new norditerpenoids, scabrolides C-G (507-510), which were found to be analogs with those of sinuleptolide (511) and 5-epi-sinuleptolide (512) also isolated previously from the same species and other Sinularia.…”

“…The compounds were identified as (lS*,3S*,4S*,7E,11Z)-3,4-epoxy-13-oxo-7,11,15-cembratriene (134) [3]. Compound 143 at concentration of 10 μM did not inhibit the COX-2 protein expression, but reduced the levels of the iNOS protein (66.9 ± 5.2%) by LPS stimulation [53]. The new cembrane diterpene, crassumolide E (150) [55], (3E,11E)-cembra-3,8(19),11,15-tetraene-7 -ol (151) [56] have been isolated from the soft coral Lobophytum crassum, and Litophyton arboretum respectively.…”

“…[24], Lobopytum sp. (53)(54)(55) [25], Sinularia ovispiculata (56) [26], Cladiella kashmani (57) [27], Alcyonium flaccidum (56) [28]. Five new cembradiene diterpenoids (58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63) have been isolated from an undescribed Caribbean gorgonian of the genus Eunicea [29].…”