“…This species is also known for its biological control properties (Wang et al 2012). This species has been reported from V. vinifera as an endophyte in Spain and Switzerland (Casieri et al 2009;Gonzalez & Tello 2011).…”
This is the third paper in the series, Mycosphere notes, wherein we provide notes on various fungal taxa. In this set of notes, we deal with species found on the grape genus, Vitis, one of the most important economically important crops, grown worldwide. We provide notes on 67 taxa, including two new species, Alternaria italica and Alfaria vitis, an asexual morph for Alfaria cyperiesculenti and 41 new host records or distribution records. The taxonomic placement of most taxa discussed in this study is based on a modern taxonomic framework based on analysis of multi-gene sequence data.
“…This species is also known for its biological control properties (Wang et al 2012). This species has been reported from V. vinifera as an endophyte in Spain and Switzerland (Casieri et al 2009;Gonzalez & Tello 2011).…”
This is the third paper in the series, Mycosphere notes, wherein we provide notes on various fungal taxa. In this set of notes, we deal with species found on the grape genus, Vitis, one of the most important economically important crops, grown worldwide. We provide notes on 67 taxa, including two new species, Alternaria italica and Alfaria vitis, an asexual morph for Alfaria cyperiesculenti and 41 new host records or distribution records. The taxonomic placement of most taxa discussed in this study is based on a modern taxonomic framework based on analysis of multi-gene sequence data.
“…Ten of them were used as the representative target to study the molecular mechanism of 27 ligands of Chaetomium fungal endophyte from diverse plants [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. On the other hand, the proteins being used as the target are methylerythritol phosphate cytidyltransferase (PDB 1I52) [28], maltose binding periplasmic protein (MBP; PDB 1JVY) [29], glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (PDB 1MOS) [30], -aminobutyrate aminotransferase (PDB 1SZS) [31], DNA gyrase (PDB 4DUH) [32] , enoylreductase (PDB 1I30) [33] , isoleucyl t-RNA synthetase (PDB 1JZQ) [34], aspartate aminotransferase (PDB 1IX6) [35], acetylglutamate kinase (PDB 1OHA) [36], and peptidyl t-RNA hydroxylase (PDB 2PTH) [37].…”
Section: In Silico Activity Against Protein Targets In E Colimentioning
Endophytic fungi Chaetomium sp isolated from Phyllanthus niruri Linn. Mycelium powder was extracted by using ethyl acetate. Extract was fractionated using n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol 96%. The antimicrobial test was carried out using disc diffusion and microdilution methods. The antioxidant activity of the fraction was determined using hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging and reducing power capacity activities. The cytotoxicity assay of the fraction against T47D breast cancer cell was carried out using dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method (MTT). The in silico prediction of chemical substances which are reported exist in Chaetomium sp. performed using AutoDockVina embedded in PyRx version 8.0. Dichloromethane fraction was found as the most active sample against Escherichia coli (IC 50 20.76 g/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (IC 50 70.15 g/mL), Salmonella typhi (49.13 g/mL) and was found as the most high phenolic content with value 47.44 mg GAE/g fraction, whereas the best antioxidant activity was performed by ethanol 96% fraction (85%). Cytotoxicity assay against T47D cell line showed dichloromethane fraction have highest activity with IC 50 10.76 g/mL. The docking studies showed that compounds bearing xanthone structure were potential for maltose binding periplasmic and human aromatase associating with their potencies as antibacteria and anticancer. Endophytic fungi Chaetomium sp. was isolated from Phyllanthus niruri using n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol fractions was studied its various biological activities as antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic agent against breast cancer cell.
“…Each strain was inoculated into three flasks, which were incubated at 28°C shaking at 160 rpm. After dynamic fermentation for 11 days, the cultures were taken out and filtered to obtain the fermentation broth, which was extracted thrice with ethyl acetate and ultrasound, vacuum concentrated to obtain the crude extract of the metabolites, and then subsequently stored at 4°C (Wang et al, 2012).…”
ABSTRACT. Endophytes from Cephalotaxus hainanensisLi, an important source of anti-leukemia drugs, have not been widely explored. In this study, 265 endophytic fungal isolates from C. hainanensis Li were screened for antimicrobial activities against tilapia, banana, rice, and rape and for antitumor activities against human leukemia cell lines (K562, NB4, and HL-60). Diversity was also analyzed. The results showed that 17.7% of the endophytic fungi had antimicrobial activities against at least three different test microbes, and activity against Fusarium oxysporum RKY102 was the highest at 15.8%. Cytotoxicity against at least one tumor cell line tested was observed in 18.5% of the endophytic fungi; with the highest value of 10.6% against K562. The endophytic fungal strains also showed relatively high activities against K562, NB4, and HL-60 while relatively fewer strains were cytotoxic against the human hepatic Hep-G2 and colon LoVo cancer cell lines. Thirty endophytic fungal strains showed both high antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Moreover, the analyses of the diversity of the 30 highly active strains showed they belonged to 20 species from 14 genera, and this is the first report of endophytic fungi Albonectria rigidiuscula, Colletotrichum magnisporum, and Nemania diffusa being isolated from Cephalotaxus plants. These findings suggest that natural antibacterial products for humans and tilapia; antifungal compounds for rice, rape, and banana; and antitumor compounds for leukemia therapy could be isolated from fungal strains derived from C. hainanensis Li.
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