Bioactive Inks Development for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering: A Mini-Review

Abstract

Nowadays, a prevalent joint disease affecting both cartilage and subchondral bone is osteoarthritis. Osteochondral tissue, a complex tissue unit, exhibited limited self-renewal potential. Furthermore, its gradient properties, including mechanical property, bio-compositions, and cellular behaviors, present a challenge in repairing and regenerating damaged osteochondral tissues. Here, tissue engineering and translational medicine development using bioprinting technology provided a promising strategy for osteochondral tissue repair. In this regard, personalized stratified scaffolds, which play an influential role in osteochondral regeneration, can provide potential treatment options in early-stage osteoarthritis to delay or avoid the use of joint replacements. Accordingly, bioactive scaffolds with possible integration with surrounding tissue and controlling inflammatory responses have promising future tissue engineering perspectives. This minireview focuses on introducing biologically active inks for bioprinting the hierarchical scaffolds, containing growth factors and bioactive materials for 3D printing of regenerative osteochondral substitutes.

Progress of Microfluidic Hydrogel‐Based Scaffolds and Organ‐on‐Chips for the Cartilage Tissue Engineering

“…Additive manufacturing: Additive manufacturing methods are another subset of microfluidic fabrication techniques that can allow the fabrication of layer-by-layer structures employing cell-free or cell-laden hydrogels. [162,163] Such type of leading-edge technology has emerged as one of the most desirable fabrication approaches due to its capability to generate sophisticated and reproducible tissue-specific constructs containing biological components or living cells. [164,165] One strategy, introduced by Lee et al, [166] refers to the layerby-layer patterning approach employing surface tension forces and open microfluidic-based principles in order to shape layers Figure 6.…”

Characterization of Biocompatibility of Functional Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting

“…There is a noteworthy challenge in the development of ideal bioinks for 3D bioprinting with critical properties such as mechanical, biofunctional, and biocompatibility properties [ 36 ]. A bioink can be defined as a natural, synthetic, or hybrid material used in 3D bioprinting that is intended to interact with biological systems [ 37 , 38 ]. It typically consists of cells suspended in a hydrogel or other matrix material that can be printed by layer-by-layer deposition in additive manufacturing technology to fabricate the desired 3D structure [ 33 , 39 ].…”

In vivo study of dual functionalized mussel-derived bioactive peptides promoting 3D-printed porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds for repair of rabbit femoral defects

“…33 Replacement of damaged bone tissue with bioactive biomaterials to assist tissue reconstruction is necessary. 34,35 Because orthopedic implants require a high degree of load-bearing, 36 the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V is widely used in biomedical equipment due to its excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. 37 Poor integration between bone and implant surface often leads to serious complications.…”