Bioactive Films Based on Starch from White, Red, and Black Rice to Food Application

Abstract

Packages from renewable sources have been the focus of many studies, due to the consumer needs for high-quality food, environmental concern related to the inadequate discard of packaging, low percentage of packaging recycling, and starch application by a viable method. Thus, this work aimed to develop bioactive packages based on white, red, and black rice starch and analyze the influence of macromolecule and plasticizer type, even its blends, on the characteristics of films. Films were characterized by color, opacity, thickness, water solubility, water vapor permeability, and bioactive properties. The use of rice starch in the development of edible and/or biodegradable films was feasible, with all the formulations tested presenting a homogeneous matrix and the films obtained varying in hue, to the naked eye, as a function of the starch used. Variation of the type of starch and plasticizer, as well as the concentrations of the same, resulted in films with differences in all studied properties. Films prepared with 5% of starch and 30% of sorbitol showed phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, using the DPPH and ABTS methods, indicating that these can be considered bioactive packages and also suitable for food application.

Starch as a Matrix for Incorporation and Release of Bioactive Compounds: Fundamentals and Applications

“…In general, starch presents good properties for film formation [32][33][34][35], particulate systems [36,37], and gel formation [38][39][40][41][42], and is adequate for incorporating bioactive substances in controlled-release devices. An example of the process and its applications can be seen in Figure 2.…”

“…This provided the films with antioxidant activity, and showed a shift on FTIR spectra in the region associated with hydroxyl groups, thus indicating the importance of this functional group in the bonding between the starch matrix and the bioactive compounds. Da Silva, Velasco, and Fakhouri [33] demonstrated that, depending on the starch source, the film can demonstrate antioxidant properties itself, since films produced from different types of rice showed the presence of phenolic compounds.…”

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Films Based on PLA / PBAT and Corn Starch and Babassu Mesocarp Starch by Flat Extrusion for Packaging

“…Conventional corn starch has long been used in mixtures with PLA and PBAT for the development of films for food packaging, due to its renewable, cheap, ecological, biodegradable and biocompatible characteristics [14][15][16]. Several botanical sources have been investigated to develop packaging, the native starch of babassu mesocarp appears as a potential candidate for future investigations, since it is widely cultivated in Brazil [17][18][19][20][21].…”

Acceptance of Sweet Bread with Black Rice Flour as a Substitute Ingredient

“…Due to its higher concentration of lysine (~4%), it is highly digestible, up to 93%. Additionally, rice contains minerals such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

“…It offers numerous health benefits, including natural antioxidants, anti-inflammatory properties, lipid oxidation reduction, blood sugar level regulation, and anti-cancer effects. Black rice is particularly rich in phytochemicals, anthocyanin color, protein, and vitamins, making it well-regarded for its antioxidant capacity, which is essential for memory improvement and immune system support [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”