Campomanesia adamantium (Myrtaceae) is a medicinal plant distributed in Brazilian Cerrado. Different parts of this plant are used in popular medicine for treatment of several diseases like fever, diarrhea, hypercholesterolemia and rheumatism. The aim of this work was to evaluate the inhibition of heat-stable enterotoxin type A (STa) by gallic acid present in the peel of C. adamantium fruit and assays to assess the antidiarrheal activity, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties of peel extract using the T84 cell line model. The possible inhibition exerted by the gallic acid of the peel extract on the STa peptide was inferred by molecular dynamics simulations. The antidiarrheal effects were investigated measuring cGMP accumulation in cells after stimulation by STa toxin and antibacterial activity was assessed. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2. MTT and LDH assays were used to evaluate any possible cytotoxic action while the CyQUANT test was used to investigate the effect on cell proliferation. A representation showing how the possible interactions between STa and the gallic acid of the extract might reduce the action of the enterotoxin is presented. C. adamantium peel extract significantly decreased the levels of cGMP in T84 cells. However, no effect on the species of microorganisms was observed. The extract also inhibited COX-1 (IC50 255.70 ± 0.04 ng/mL) and COX-2 (IC50 569.50 ± 0.11 ng/mL) enzymes. Cytotoxicity assay have shown significant changes in cells treated with the extract, which inhibited the cell proliferation until 72 hours of treatment. Direct interactions of phenolic compounds present in the extract with the STa toxin may limit its activity. Curative effect in the diarrhea treatment and its anti-inflammatory action is based on the pharmacological properties, mechanism of action of the C. adamantium peel extract, and no toxic effects of the peel extract presented on this work.
As plantas medicinais são utilizadas para o tratamento, cura e prevenção de doenças. Podem ser utilizadas de forma isolada ou ainda como matéria prima para síntese de fármacos ou fitoterápicos. A pandemia causada pelos vírus SARS-COV 2 que leva a doença COVID-19, ameaça a população atualmente, e a preocupação com a imunidade tem sido constante para evitar os danos causados pela doença e sua letalidade. Diante disto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o perfil de consumidores de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos no Brasil e sua relação com a pandemia de COVID-19. Para determinar a utilização foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, do tipo exploratória. Das 151 respostas obtidas os resultados apresentados foram 90,1% e 50,3% afirmam consumir plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos, respectivamente. Sendo que durante a pandemia houve um aumento nestes consumo em 27% para plantas medicinais e em 21,9% para fitoterápicos. Dentre as plantas medicinais foram listadas 77 espécies, como: hortelã, camomila, gengibre, canela, alho e alecrim, entre outras, diversas destas plantas listadas encontram-se na Relação Nacional de Plantas Medicinais de Interesse ao SUS (RENISUS). Dentre os fitoterápicos citados houve diversos tipos como: xaropes, óleos, florais, extratos, cremes, tinturas e cápsulas. Além deste tópicos a pesquisa também buscou levantar dados referente a frequência de consumo, indicação, forma de aquisição além da influência da pandemia no consumo destes produtos.
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