Bioactive extract from moringa oleifera inhibits the pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide stimulated macrophages

Abstract

Introduction:Inflammation is a well-known physiological response to protect the body against infection and restore tissue injury. Nevertheless, the chronic inflammation can trigger various inflammatory associated diseases/disorder. Moringa oleifera is a widely grown plant in most tropical countries and it has been recognized traditionally for several medicinal benefits.Objectives:The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of M. oleifera extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated macrophages.Materials and Methods:The anti-inflammatory effect of M. oleifera hydroethanolic bioactive leaves extracts was evaluated by assessing the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production during Griess reaction and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in macrophages.Results:Interestingly, we found that M. oleifera hydroethanolic bioactive leaves extract significantly inhibited the secretion of NO production and other inflammatory markers such as prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β. Meanwhile, the bioactive extract has induced the production of IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, M. oleifera hydroethanolic bioactive leaves extract effectively suppressed the protein expression of inflammatory markers inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells p65 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion:These findings support the traditional use of M. oleifera plant as an effective treatment for inflammation associated diseases/disorders.SUMMARY Hydroethanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera effectively inhibit the NO production in LPS induced inflammatory model.M. oleifera crude extracts successfully modulate the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS stimulated macrophages.M. oleifera extracts suppressed the expression of inflammatory mediators in LPS stimulated macrophages.

Role of Antioxidants and Natural Products in Inflammation

“…These findings indicate that M. oleifera effectively suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1 β , and TNF- α ), and PGE2. It has also reduced the expression of inflammatory markers which include NF- κ B, iNOS, and COX-2 [ 48 , 80 – 83 ]. These findings have suggested that the edible part of M. oleifera may act as an effective natural anti-inflammatory remedy against inflammatory associated diseases.…”

Nutraceutical or Pharmacological Potential of Moringa oleifera Lam.

“…Furthermore, previous studies have documented that M. oleifera can selectively inhibit the production of iNOS and COX-2 and significantly inhibit the secretion of NO and other inflammatory markers—including PGE-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β—in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Meanwhile, it can induce the production of IL-10 in LPS-stimulated macrophages in a dose-dependent manner, thereby contributing to the suppression of NF-κB signaling pathway [ 19 , 20 ]. The novel bioactive phenolic glycosides 4-[(2- O -acetyl-α- l -rhamnosyloxy)benzyl] isothiocyanate (RBITC) from M. oleifera inhibited expression of COX-2 and iNOS at both the protein and mRNA levels through inhibiting major upstream signaling pathways mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB [ 21 ].…”

In Vitro Anti-Cholinesterase and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of Moringa oleifera Plants from Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria

“…Extracts from M. oleifera display multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], antibacterial [ 35 ], antioxidant [ 36 ], anti-cancer [ 37 ], hepatoprotective [ 38 , 39 ] and neuroprotective [ 40 , 41 , 42 ] activities. The leaves and fruits also possess hypocholesterolaemic activity in Wistar rats [ 43 ] and rabbits [ 44 ].…”