Bioactive compounds and physical attributes of Cornus mas genotypes through multivariate approaches

Abstract

Cornelian cherry fruits are quite rich in bioactive compounds. Natural colour, rich flavonoids and anthocyanins and high antioxidant activity have made the fruits a natural drug. In the present study, antioxidant activity, total flavonoids and total phenolics of naturally growing 18 cornelian cherry genotypes with different phenotypic characteristics were determined. Size and shape parameters of the genotypes were also determined with the image-processing method; sphericity, elongation and shape index were calculated and shapes of two-dimensional fruit images were compared with elliptic Fourier analysis. Antioxidant activity, total flavonoid contents and total phenolic amounts of the genotypes were varied between 55.062 and 152.420 mmol TE · kg−1, 286.40 and 2,882.80 mg QE · kg−1, and 2,644.80 and 12,959.00 mg GAE · kg−1, respectively. Multivariate variance analysis conducted based on physical characteristics revealed that six genotypes were different from the others. Shape analysis with Elliptic Fourier method revealed that the majority of present cornelian cherry genotypes had an oval appearance and a small portion of them had a drop-like appearance. According to discriminant analysis and Hotelling's pair-wise comparison tests, there were five different shape groups for present genotypes. A single genotype was placed into one of these groups, thus it was determined that this genotype was totally different in shape from the others.

Morphological Characteristics of Grapevine Cultivars and Closed Contour Analysis with Elliptic Fourier Descriptors

“…If the Mahalanobis distance value provided in pair-wise comparison is low, then the similarity between the cultivars is high. Similar findings were also reported by Demir et al [ 38 ] for Cornus mas genotypes.…”

“…AR h = L/W; for hor. orientation AR v = W/T; for vertical orientation [38] Geometric mean diameter (D g , mm)…”

Content of Anthocyanins and Flavonols in the Fruits of Cornus spp.

“…According to our previous data (Ma et al, 2014;Biaggi et al, 2018;Bayram and Ozturkcan, 2020;Demir et al, 2020), representatives of the genus Cornus are rich in biologically active compounds. A major role in the formation of medicinal properties of cornelian cherry is due to the action of the secondary metabolites of the class of flavonoids -anthocyanins and flavonols (Lila, 2004, Horbowicz et al, 2008, which are also considered as environmental markers of plants and participate in adaptive reactions of the plant organism (Minaeva, 1978;Lukner, 1979;Levon and Golubkova, 2016;Levon and Goncharovska, 2017).…”

Multivariate Analysis Approaches for Dimension and Shape Discrimination of Vitis vinifera Varieties

“…The traditional phenotyping of fruits relies on the human eye to assess most external fruit quality attributes, which is time-consuming and subjective. However, 3D imaging is a promising, high-throughput technique that allows multiple, external fruit quality attributes to be measured simultaneously [ 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

“…More recently, several image-based phenotyping techniques have been implemented on fruits, including cherry laurel [ 16 ], strawberries [ 11 , 17 , 18 ], persimmons [ 19 ], cornelian cherry [ 15 ], hazelnut [ 10 ], etc. One promising method to describe fruit shape is based on elliptic Fourier descriptors (EFDs).…”