Bioactive Carbohydrates and Peptides in Foods: An Overview of Sources, Downstream Processing Steps and Associated Bioactivities

Abstract

Bioactive peptides and carbohydrates are sourced from a myriad of plant, animal and insects and have huge potential for use as food ingredients and pharmaceuticals. However, downstream processing bottlenecks hinder the potential use of these natural bioactive compounds and add cost to production processes. This review discusses the health benefits and bioactivities associated with peptides and carbohydrates of natural origin and downstream processing methodologies and novel processes which may be used to overcome these.

Antihypertensive Effect of Peptides from Sesame, Almond, and Pumpkin Seeds: In-silico and In-vivo Evaluation

“…Natural alpha amylase and glucosidase inhibitors from the dietary plants can be used as an effective therapy for treating post prandial hyperglycemia. Recent studies focused on the search for more effective inhibitors of anti-diabetic compounds from natural materials (Jhong et al, 2014), such as polysaccharides from tea leaves (Sacan et al, 2017), hydrolysate from sardine muscle (Hayes et al, 2015) and isoflavones from soybean (Lee et al, 2015). Egg protein hydrolysates displayed anti-diabetic activity against glucosidase activity (Zambrowicz, 2015).…”

Principles of pharmacological research of nutraceuticals

“…These peptides originate from foodstuffs containing milk, dairy products, eggs (Park and Nam, ), soybean, oat, wheat (Maestri et al , ), fish and algae (Ruiz‐Ruiz et al , ) foodstuffs. A number of bioactive peptides derived from food sources have been incorporated in fortified foods or dietary supplements and are commercially promoted to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity (Hayes and Tiwari, ).…”

Peptides Derived from Foods as Supportive Diet Components in the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome

“…As a product of the degradation of angiotensin II in vivo (Axelband and others ; Dias and others ), VY occurs also as an endogenous peptide. Moreover, peptide VY is a component of a commercial product called Valtyron® possessing the Food for Specified Health Use (that is, FOSHU) status (Hayes and Tiwari ). Another commercial product possessing the FOSHU status is the “Katsuobushi oligopeptide” containing the LKPNM peptide derived from fermented skipjack tuna ( Katsuwonus pelamis) .…”