Bioactive Antioxidant Compounds from Chestnut Peels through Semi-Industrial Subcritical Water Extraction

Cravotto, Christian; Grillo, Giorgio; Binello, Arianna; Gallina, Lorenzo; Olivares-Vicente, Mariló; Herranz-López, María; Micol, Vicente; Barrajón‐Catalán, Enrique; Cravotto, Giancarlo

doi:10.3390/antiox11050988

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The influence of sample-to-solvent ratio and mass transport enhancement on chestnut shells extraction was also evaluated in Microwave-Assisted Subcritical Water Extraction (MASWE) using a range of temperatures between 100 °C and 220 °C [ 34 ]. According to the authors, it was evidenced an increase of the extract production proportional to the increase of temperature, but minor deviations were observed for the sample-to-solvent ration (1:20–1:30), with exception of the 150 °C extract (322.37 mg/g DW and 416.56 mg/g DW, respectively) [ 34 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Perspectives on the Sustainable Employment of Chestnut Shells as Active Ingredient against Oral Mucositis: A First Screening

Ferreira

Silva

Pinto

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Oral mucositis (OM), a common side effect of oncological treatment, is an oral mucosal disorder characterized by painful ulcerations and increased risk of infection. The use of natural antioxidants to suppress the redox imbalance responsible for the OM condition has emerged as an interesting approach to prevent/treat OM. This study aims to explore the chestnut (Castana sativa) shells as potential active ingredient against OM. Therefore, chestnut shells were extracted at different temperatures (110–180 °C) by Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE), aiming to recover antioxidants. The extracts were also evaluated against microorganisms present in the oral cavity as well as on human oral cell lines (TR146 and HSC3). The highest phenolic content was obtained with the extraction temperature of 110 °C, exhibiting the best antioxidant/antiradical activities and scavenging efficiencies against HOCl (IC50 = 4.47 μg/mL) and ROO• (0.73 μmol TE/mg DW). High concentrations of phenolic acids (e.g., gallic and protocatechuic acids) and flavanoids (catechin, epicatechin and rutin) characterized the phenolic profile. The antimicrobial activity against several oral microorganisms present in the oral cavity during OM, such as Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, and Escherichia, was demonstrated. Finally, the effects on HSC3 and TR146 cell lines revealed that the extract prepared at 110 °C had the lowest IC50 (1325.03 and 468.15 µg/mL, respectively). This study highlights the potential effects of chestnut shells on OM.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Perspectives on the Sustainable Employment of Chestnut Shells as Active Ingredient against Oral Mucositis: A First Screening

Ferreira

Silva

Pinto

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…However, little has been described in the literature about the use of this technology at the industrial level from agri-food industry waste. Cravotto et al 12 studied the scale-up process from the laboratory scale to semi-industrial subcritical water extraction system, but only the extraction yield, the polyphenol content, and the antioxidant capacity of the collected extracts were evaluated. Moreover, Thiruvenkadam et al 13 analyzed the recent developments in subcritical water extraction scale-up, concluding that, although the extraction by means of subcritical water has been investigated, there is still a commercial interest and a need for the development of these systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcritical Water Treatment for Valorization of the Red Algae Residue after Agar Extraction: Scale-Up from Laboratory to Pilot Plant

Trigueros

Ramos

Alonso-Riaño

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The feasibility of industrial subcritical water treatment on Gelidium sesquipedale residue through scaling up from the lab to pilot system in discontinuous mode (geometric scale-up factor = 50), at 130 and 175 °C (5% biomass), was investigated. The maximum volumes of the reactors were 500 mL at the lab-scale and 5 L at the pilot-scale system. At 175 °C, faster extraction/hydrolysis was observed for the pilot plant, but maximum yields were similar: 71.4 and 78.6% for galactans, 9.8 and 10.4% for glucans, and 92.7 and 86.1% for arabinans in pilot scale and lab scale, respectively, while the yields for proteins accounted nearly 40%. The highest yields for amino acids were observed for the smallest ones, while lower yields were determined for polar amino acids. The total phenolic content and color intensity progressively increased along time at lab scale, while a plateau was reached at the pilot level. Lower extraction yields but reproducible results were obtained at 130 °C. Finally, the pilot scale was essayed at a higher biomass loading (15%), and successful results were obtained, supporting the feasibility of the scaling-up process.

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“…They are mainly used for food, especially processed foods, and in medicine. In 2019, the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) reported that 2,321,780 tons of chestnuts were produced globally [ 1 ]. Korea is the second-largest chestnut producer in Asia, producing 50,000 tons of chestnuts annually [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About 45% of Korean chestnuts are exported as peeled, canned, and raw chestnuts [ 3 ]. The integument of chestnuts consists of a hard hull (outer shell) and thin skin (inner shell), which make up 15–20% of the fresh fruit weight [ 1 , 4 ]. During industrial chestnut peeling processes, the shells are considered solid waste and thrown away.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During industrial chestnut peeling processes, the shells are considered solid waste and thrown away. However, they remain a useful source of bioactive compounds [ 1 , 5 ]. The chestnut inner shell, in particular, has been used for many years in traditional medicine in Asian countries and is known for its antioxidant, antiallergic, antidiabetic, and anti-amnesic properties [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic Profiling of Chestnut Shell (Castanea crenata) Cultivars Using UPLC-QTOF-MS and Their Antioxidant Capacity

Nam

Park

et al. 2022

Biomolecules

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The inner shell of the chestnut (Castanea crenata) has long been used in Asia as a medicinal herb for improving digestion and blood circulation, and treating diarrhea. However, most chestnut shells are now treated as waste materials in industrial peeling processes. In this study, we examined the metabolite variation among major cultivars of C. crenata shells using mass spectrometry. Among five representative cultivars, Okkwang, Porotan, and Ishizuuchi had higher levels of bioactive compounds, such as ellagic acid derivatives, ellagitannins, flavonoids, and gallic acid derivatives. Their antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with their chemical composition. The byproducts (whole shells) from the industrial peeling process were re-evaluated in comparison with the inner shell, a rich source of phenolic compounds. The phenolic acids and flavonoid glucoside derivatives were significantly higher in the whole shells, whereas the levels of flavonoids were higher in the inner shells. In addition, the whole shell extracts significantly reduced cellular reactive oxygen species production compared to the inner shell extracts. This study demonstrated the different biochemical benefits of different C. crenata cultivars through metabolic profiling and suggests that the whole shell could be used as a functional ingredient, as it has the highest levels of bioactive products and antioxidant effects.

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Bioactive Antioxidant Compounds from Chestnut Peels through Semi-Industrial Subcritical Water Extraction

Cited by 29 publications

References 53 publications

New Perspectives on the Sustainable Employment of Chestnut Shells as Active Ingredient against Oral Mucositis: A First Screening

New Perspectives on the Sustainable Employment of Chestnut Shells as Active Ingredient against Oral Mucositis: A First Screening

Subcritical Water Treatment for Valorization of the Red Algae Residue after Agar Extraction: Scale-Up from Laboratory to Pilot Plant

Metabolic Profiling of Chestnut Shell (Castanea crenata) Cultivars Using UPLC-QTOF-MS and Their Antioxidant Capacity

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