Bioaccumulative potential and toxicity of endosulfan insecticide to non-target animals

Histopathological changes in the gill and liver tissues of freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala exposed to dichlorvos

“…Because of their low persistence, repeated applications of these pesticides are being practiced for the control of pests in agricultural fields and thereby large quantities find their way into water bodies (Jyothi and Narayan, 1999). A large number of pesticides are commonly used to control various agricultural pests; however, their toxicological impact also extends to nontarget species like fish (Naqvi and Vaishnavi, 1993). Fish is good indicator of aquatic contamination because its biochemical stress responses are quite similar to those found in mammals (Mishra and Shukla, 2003).…”

Protective effects of probioticLactobacillus plantarumBJ0021 on liver and kidney oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by endosulfan in pregnant rats

“…1 Endosulfan (EDS)- (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9, 9a-hex-ahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzo-o-dioxa-thiepin-3-oxide) is a chlorinated cyclodiene insecticide. 2 It has been widely used in a variety of food and non-food crops as a broad-spectrum insecticide in order to control numerous insect species. Consequently, EDS has been ubiquitously detected in the atmosphere, soils, sediments, surface water, and rain water, and food stuffs.…”

Pathology of Endosulfan

“…The sensitivity of aquatic animals to endosulfan has been well described (Naqvi and Vaishnavi, 1993;Pandey et al, 2001;Matthiessen, 1981;Wan et al, 2005). Toxicity is primarily mediated by inhibition of important ion transport proteins in a variety of tissues (Naqvi and Vaishnavi, 1993), and endosulfan exposure may also induce oxidative stress (Pandey et al, 2001;.…”

“…The sensitivity of aquatic animals to endosulfan has been well described (Naqvi and Vaishnavi, 1993;Pandey et al, 2001;Matthiessen, 1981;Wan et al, 2005). Toxicity is primarily mediated by inhibition of important ion transport proteins in a variety of tissues (Naqvi and Vaishnavi, 1993), and endosulfan exposure may also induce oxidative stress (Pandey et al, 2001;. The toxicity of waterborne endosulfan is such that levels in agricultural run-off may exceed the median lethal concentration for many of the inhabitants of contaminated waterways (Matthiessen, 1981;Wan et al, 2005).…”