Bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl compounds in midge (Chironomus riparius) larvae exposed to sediment

Abstract

Midge larvae (Chironomus riparius) were exposed to sediments from a deposition sampled at a site along the Rhône River (France) downstream of an industrial site releasing various perfluorinated chemicals. This sediment is characterized by high concentrations of perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) and a low perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) concentration. Concentrations of 23 perfluoroalkyl compounds, including C4-C14 carboxylate acids, C4-C10 sulfonates, and seven precursors, were analyzed in overlying and pore water, sediment, and larvae. Midge larvae accumulated carboxylate acids (C11-C14), PFOS, and two precursors (perfluorooctane sulfonamide: FOSA and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid, 6:2 FTSA). These substances accumulated mainly during the fourth instar larvae exponential growth phase. Accumulation of 6:2 FTSA, PFUnA, and PFOS occured via trophic and tegumentary routes. Other compounds mainly accumulated from food. Kinetics followed a partition model, from which uptake and elimination constants were derived.

Analysis of zwitterionic, cationic, and anionic poly- and perfluoroalkyl surfactants in sediments by liquid chromatography polarity-switching electrospray ionization coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry

“…Extraction of sediment samples was based on the ultrasonic extraction method described by Bertin et al (2014), with some modifications. Sediment samples (1 g dry weight (dw)) were weighed in 15 mL glass tubes.…”

“…The transfer of PFASs from sediments to aquatic biota is of particular concern, especially for benthic fish or invertebrates that dwell on it (Martin et al, 2004;Bertin et al, 2014). It is therefore essential to document the occurrence and levels of PFASs in sediments, which may subsequently be used to predict the concentration of PFASs in aquatic biota.…”

Potential exposure routes and accumulation kinetics for poly- and perfluorinated alkyl compounds for a freshwater amphipod: Gammarus spp. (Crustacea)

“…For sediment, gammarid samples, leaf samples and the fish tissues used as reference matrix (NIST SRM 1947, Reiner et al, 2012, PFASs were extracted using sonication following the method described in Bertin et al (2014). The OW and PW samples were processed using Strata-X-AW cartridges as described by Labadie and Chevreuil (2011) Replicate procedural blanks were analysed for each series of samples (details in Table S4 in SI).…”

“…Two studies of midge (Chironomus riparius) larvae exposed to field sediment showed rapid accumulation and elimination of two PFCAs (C 11, perfluoroundecanoic acid [PFUnDA] and C 13 acid perfluorotridecanoic [PFTrDA]), PFOS and its perfluorooctane sulfonamide precursor (FOSA) (Bertin et al, 2014;Bertin et al, submitted). Like oligochaetes, chironomid larvae are in direct contact with sediment, and accumulation occurs through food ingestion and diffusion from pore water (PW) through the tegument.…”

Quantitative analysis of poly- and perfluoroalkyl compounds in water matrices using high resolution mass spectrometry: Optimization for a laser diode thermal desorption method

“…Extraction of the suspended particulate matter (SPM) was conducted according to a sediment extraction procedure adapted from Bertin et al [33]. Briefly, filters were sonicated twice with 5 mL of MeOH (20 min).…”