Bioaccumulation of oil compounds in the high-Arctic copepod Calanus hyperboreus

Agersted, Mette Dalgaard; Møller, Eva Friis; Gustavson, Kim

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.12.001

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The aim of our study was, however, to expose polar cod to a range of crude oil concentrations that pelagic fish could encounter after an oil spill. Adult polar cod are regarded as demersal species and feed mainly on pelagic zooplankton (Hop and Gjøsaeter, 2013), which have been shown to bioaccumulate petroleum compounds from the water column (Agersted et al, 2018). Bratberg et al (2013) provided environmentally relevant exposure levels for pelagic fish (1.65 and 82.5 µg crude oil/ g fish) that are based on measurements of PAH concentrations in Atlantic cod tissue after an oil spill in the North Sea (Grøsvik et al, 2008).…”

Section: Effects Of Crude Oil On Genes Related To Biotransformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary crude oil exposure on molecular and physiological parameters related to lipid homeostasis in polar cod ( Boreogadus saida )

Vieweg

Bilbao

Meador

et al. 2018

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

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Polar cod is an abundant Arctic key species, inhabiting an ecosystem that is subjected to rapid climate change and increased petroleum related activities. Few studies have investigated biological effects of crude oil on lipid metabolism in this species, despite lipids being a crucial compound for Arctic species to adapt to the high seasonality in food abundance in their habitat. This study examines the effects of dietary crude oil exposure on transcription levels of genes related to lipid metabolism (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors [ppar-α, ppar-γ], retinoic X receptor [rxr-β], palmitoyl-CoA oxidase [aox1], cytochrome P4507A1 [cyp7α1]), reproduction (vitellogenin [vtg-β], gonad aromatase [cyp19a1]) and biotransformation (cytochrome P4501A1 [cyp1a1], aryl hydrocarbon receptor [ahr2]). Exposure effects were also examined through plasma chemistry parameters. Additional fish were exposed to a PPAR-α agonist (WY-14,643) to investigate the role of PPAR-α in their lipid metabolism. The dose-dependent up-regulation of cyp1a1 reflected the activation of genes related to PAH biotransformation upon crude oil exposure. The crude oil exposure did not significantly alter the mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid homeostasis except for cyp7α1 transcription levels. Plasma levels of cholesterol and alanine transaminase showed significant alterations in fish exposed to crude oil at the end of the experiment. WY exposure induced a down-regulation of ppar-α, an effect contrary to studies performed on other fish species. In conclusion, this study showed clear effects of dietary crude oil exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations on xenobiotic biotransformation but revealed only weak alterations in the lipid metabolism of polar cod.

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Section: Effects Of Crude Oil On Genes Related To Biotransformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary crude oil exposure on molecular and physiological parameters related to lipid homeostasis in polar cod ( Boreogadus saida )

Vieweg

Bilbao

Meador

et al. 2018

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

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“…Shed oil potentially drips into the centre of the mouth where it could be more easily swallowed. Long-term bioaccumulation of petroleum oil within copepods [35,36] also increases ingestion risk in whale species where copepods or other oily zooplankton comprise much of the diet (especially bowhead and right whales but also the sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis ). However, the potential risk of oil ingestion is mitigated by the fact that oil adheres poorly to baleen and does not have a chance to accumulate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil adsorption does not structurally or functionally alter whale baleen

2019

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Mysticete whales filter small prey from seawater using baleen, a unique keratinous oral tissue that grows from the palate, from which it hangs in hundreds of serial plates. Laboratory experiments testing effects of oils on material strength and flexibility, particle capture and tissue architecture of baleen from four mysticete species (bowhead, Balaena mysticetus ; North Atlantic right, Eubalaena glacialis ; fin, Balaenoptera physalus ; humpback, Megaptera novaeangliae ) indicate that baleen is hydrophilic and oleophobic, shedding rather than adsorbing oil. Oils of different weights and viscosities were tested, including six petroleum-based oils and two fish or plankton oils of common whale prey. No notable differences were found by oil type or whale species. Baleen did not adsorb oil; oil was readily rinsed from baleen by flowing water, especially from moving fringes. Microscopic examination shows minimal wrinkling or peeling of baleen's cortical keratin layers, probably due to oil repelling infiltrated water. Combined results cast doubt on fears of baleen fouling by oil; filter porosity is not appreciably affected, but oil ingestion risks remain. Particle capture studies suggest potentially greater danger to mysticetes from plastic pollution than oil.

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“…Species groups such as phytoplankton and zooplankton typically constitute the base of the food web. Experimental exposure studies indicate that lipid rich species such as Calanus may potentially bioaccumulate oil compounds (Nørregaard et al 2015, Agersted 2018. However, little is known how these groups are affected by oil exposure in the long term, or if such effects propagate through the food chain.…”

Section: Future Species Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal ecology in ice-covered Arctic seas - Considerations for spill response decision making

Aune

Aniceto

Biuw

et al. 2018

Marine Environmental Research

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Due to retreating sea ice and predictions of undiscovered oil and gas resources, increased activity in Arctic shelf sea areas associated with shipping and oil and gas exploration is expected. Such activities may accidentally lead to oil spills in partly ice-covered ocean areas, which raises issues related to oil spill response. Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) is the process that the response community uses to identify which combination of response strategies minimises the impact to environment and people. The vulnerability of Valued Ecosystem Components (VEC's) to oil pollution depends on their sensitivity to oil and the likelihood that they will be exposed to oil. As such, NEBA requires a good ecological knowledge base on biodiversity, species' distributions in time and space, and timing of ecological events. Biological resources found at interfaces (e.g., air/water, ice/water or water/coastline) are in general vulnerable because that is where oil can accumulate. Here, we summarize recent information about the seasonal, physical and ecological processes in Arctic waters and evaluate the importance these processes when considering in oil spill response decision making through NEBA. In spring-time, many boreal species conduct a lateral migration northwards in response to sea ice retraction and increased production associated with the spring bloom. However, many Arctic species, including fish, seabirds and marine mammals, are present in upper water layers in the Arctic throughout the year, and recent research has demonstrated that bioactivity during the Arctic winter is higher than previously assumed. Information on the seasonal presence/absence of less resilient VEC's such as marine mammals and sea birds in combination with the presence/absence of sea ice seems to be especially crucial to consider in a NEBA. In addition, quantification of the potential impact of different, realistic spill sizes on the energy cascade following the spring bloom at the ice-edge would provide important information for assessing ecosystem effects.

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Bioaccumulation of oil compounds in the high-Arctic copepod Calanus hyperboreus

Cited by 36 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of dietary crude oil exposure on molecular and physiological parameters related to lipid homeostasis in polar cod ( Boreogadus saida )

Effects of dietary crude oil exposure on molecular and physiological parameters related to lipid homeostasis in polar cod ( Boreogadus saida )

Oil adsorption does not structurally or functionally alter whale baleen

Seasonal ecology in ice-covered Arctic seas - Considerations for spill response decision making

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