Bioaccessibility, dietary exposure and human risk assessment of heavy metals from market vegetables in Hong Kong revealed with an in vitro gastrointestinal model

Hu, Junli; Wu, Fuyong; Wu, Shengchun; Cao, Zhaoliang; Lin, Xiangui; Wong, Ming Hung

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.066

Cited by 176 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Thus, determining Cd concentrations in different food items and assessing the risk of their potential threat to human health have attracted increasing attention (Copat et al 2012;Chary et al 2008;Mapanda et al 2007;Shao et al 2012;Stewart et al 2011). Although several researchers reported that the Cd dietary intake for residents in selected areas of different countries such as China, Italy, and Chile was considered safe (Beccaloni et al 2013;Yuan et al 2014;Munoz et al 2005;Liu et al 2010;Hu et al 2013), a number of other studies indicated that potential health risks caused by Cd intake exist for people who consume leafy vegetables and rice on a daily basis. The risks are especially higher for people living in areas where Cd contamination is prevalent because of wastewater irrigation Zwicker et al 2010;Mapanda et al 2007;Yang et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cadmium contamination of rice from various polluted areas of China and its potential risks to human health

Shi

Cheng

Zhang

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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A total of 484 rice samples were collected from five polluted areas in China to investigate the cadmium (Cd) contamination of rice and its potential health risks. The mean Cd contents of analyzed rice samples obtained from different areas ranged from 0.149 to 0.189 mg·kg(-1). Cd concentrations in more than 18% of rice samples exceeded the maximum allowable Cd concentration, and the highest level of 41.1% was observed in samples from Hezhang, Guizhou, which was characterized by serious Cd pollution. Target hazard quotient (THQ) values of 1.5 to 7.8 from rice intake indicated a significant non-carcinogenic health risk for humans, particularly for highly exposed consumers. Children are more at risk than adults, as indicated by the higher THQs. Moreover, carcinogenic risks of Cd from rice intake for average and high consumers in the selected areas were two to three and four to eight greater, respectively, than the threshold value recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cadmium contamination of rice from various polluted areas of China and its potential risks to human health

Shi

Cheng

Zhang

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Bioaccumulation factors of heavy metals were significantly higher for leafy than for non-leafy vegetable (Zhuang et al 2009). Dietary exposure to heavy metals, namely cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), has been identified as a risk to human health through the consumption of leafy vegetable grown on contaminated sites with wastewater irrigation (Zhuang et al 2009;Hu et al 2013;Hu and Ding 2009;Nabulo et al 2010;Intawongse and Dean 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risk assessment of textile effluent reuses as irrigation water in leafy vegetable Basella alba

Shammi

Kashem

Rahman

et al. 2016

Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult

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Purpose The aim of this research was to assess the health risk of textile wastewater reuse as irrigation water on leafy vegetable (Basella alba) by comparing variable growth rate in different ration of wastewater and freshwater irrigation and assess their soil-to-plant transfer factor (TF) and health risk index (HRI). Methods Pot experiments were laid out with five treatments including control with three replications with different irrigation schemes with textile wastewater collected from the untreated point source. The irrigation scheme was, 100 % groundwater as control with four treatments as 75 % groundwater: 25 % wastewater, 50 % groundwater: 50 % wastewater, 25 % groundwater: 75 % wastewater and 100 % wastewater. Results Soil-to-plant TF in different treatments including control were in the order of Pb (1.0-1.7) [ Cu (1.3-1.5) [ Cd (0.8-1.0) [ Zn (0.1-1.1). TF values of Pb and Cu in the range from 1 to 1.7 indicating their accumulation in B. alba plants and their potential health risk by dietary exposure. The HRI for individual metal as well as cumulative HRI of the metals was less than unity (0.33) which indicated the consumption of the vegetables was considered to be safe for one harvest. Conclusion Over many seasons of irrigation with wastewater, level of salinity and heavy metals can accumulate on the agriculture land and their long term consumption may link to a chronic health risk. Hence, consumption of these vegetables on regular basis should be avoided.

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“…Overall, a higher level of Cd was able to be extracted from the WWS during gastric than intestinal digestion as estimated by the slope values shown in Tables 13 and 14. The phenomenon of higher bioaccessibilities of Cd in the gastric than intestinal phase occurring in WWS was supported by [65] and [87] who they found that the average bioaccessibilities of Cd varied within 14 to 71% and 7 to 25% and 85% and 69% in the gastric and intestinal phase, respectively in a number of vegetables.…”

Section: CDmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The bioavailability of heavy metals in vegetables can be evaluated via the in vitro digestion model [60]. The in vitro gastrointestinal digestive system or physiologically based extraction test (PBET) was utilized with slightly different treatment conditions (time, pH, temperature, chemicals, and amounts) by researchers in the past on different types of vegetables such as Chinese cabbage [18], broccoli [61,62], red cabbage [63], spinach [64], etc [65,66]. In the past, hazard quotient (HQ) [67], health risk index (HRI) [68], daily intake rate (DIR) [69], and target hazard quotients (THQs) [70] were adopted to conduct health risk assessment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mn- and Cd-Contaminated Wild Water Spinach: in vitro Human Gastrointestinal Digestion Studies, Bioavailability Evaluation, and Health Risk Assessment

Guan¹,

Mohamat-Yusuff²,

Halimoon³

et al. 2018

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Human health may be at risk when consuming edible but metal-contaminated aquatic plants. This present study was conducted to evaluate the bioavailabilities of manganese (Mn) and cadmium (Cd) in metalscontaminated wild water spinach (WWS), Ipomoea aquatic Forssk. through in vitro human gastrointestinal digestions. Additionally, the health risks from consuming the plant were also assessed. Metals-contaminated hydroponic nutrient solutions were used to grow the plants under greenhouse conditions. The plants were harvested after seven days of metal exposure and their edible shoots (stems and leaves) underwent digestions simulated from the human gastrointestinal tract. A standard reference material (peach leaves, SRM 1547) was used to assess the precision and accuracy of the in vitro digestion studies. Results showed that the metal concentrations in plants increased when the treatment concentration increased; the metals concentrations were higher in the raw (RHS) samples than in the cooked (DHS and CHS) samples. The bioavailabilities of Mn and Cd were found to be higher in the intestinal extractions than in the gastric extractions. The health risk index (HRI) showed that the adults averagely aged 44 in Selangor, Malaysia was at risk if they consumed Mn-T1-contaminated cooked (CHS) WWS and Cd-contaminated raw (RHS) and cooked (CHS) WWS at T1 and T2 because their HRI values were more than 1.

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Bioaccessibility, dietary exposure and human risk assessment of heavy metals from market vegetables in Hong Kong revealed with an in vitro gastrointestinal model

Cited by 176 publications

References 22 publications

Cadmium contamination of rice from various polluted areas of China and its potential risks to human health

Cadmium contamination of rice from various polluted areas of China and its potential risks to human health

Health risk assessment of textile effluent reuses as irrigation water in leafy vegetable Basella alba

Mn- and Cd-Contaminated Wild Water Spinach: in vitro Human Gastrointestinal Digestion Studies, Bioavailability Evaluation, and Health Risk Assessment

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