Health risk assessment of textile effluent reuses as irrigation water in leafy vegetable Basella alba

Abstract

Purpose The aim of this research was to assess the health risk of textile wastewater reuse as irrigation water on leafy vegetable (Basella alba) by comparing variable growth rate in different ration of wastewater and freshwater irrigation and assess their soil-to-plant transfer factor (TF) and health risk index (HRI). Methods Pot experiments were laid out with five treatments including control with three replications with different irrigation schemes with textile wastewater collected from the untreated point source. The irrigation scheme was, 100 % groundwater as control with four treatments as 75 % groundwater: 25 % wastewater, 50 % groundwater: 50 % wastewater, 25 % groundwater: 75 % wastewater and 100 % wastewater. Results Soil-to-plant TF in different treatments including control were in the order of Pb (1.0-1.7) [ Cu (1.3-1.5) [ Cd (0.8-1.0) [ Zn (0.1-1.1). TF values of Pb and Cu in the range from 1 to 1.7 indicating their accumulation in B. alba plants and their potential health risk by dietary exposure. The HRI for individual metal as well as cumulative HRI of the metals was less than unity (0.33) which indicated the consumption of the vegetables was considered to be safe for one harvest. Conclusion Over many seasons of irrigation with wastewater, level of salinity and heavy metals can accumulate on the agriculture land and their long term consumption may link to a chronic health risk. Hence, consumption of these vegetables on regular basis should be avoided.

Comparison of traditional and modern deficit irrigation techniques in corn cultivation using treated municipal wastewater

“…Dorjia et al (2004) represented that the DBP to roots was equal among all different treatments; nevertheless, a higher allocation was revealed in stems and leaves in TDI and PRD plants comparing the control plants. In addition, wastewater irrigation might have an impact on the dissolution of the nutrient may be due to reduce the microbial activity in the soil and resulting in slower release of plant available nutrients (Shammi et al 2016). In this research, applying lower irrigation water amount by TDI than FI techniques cause to increase more DBP.…”

Translocation of heavy metals in medicinally important herbal plants growing on complex organometallic sludge of sugarcane molasses-based distillery waste

“…Heavy metal pollution in soil, water, and food material is a major threat to human health. Industrial wastes and geo-genic activities are the major sources of heavy metals in the environment (Annan et al, 2013;Shammi et al, 2016;Sharma et al, 2021b). In India, several industries like distilleries, tanneries, pulp paper industries, electroplating industries, steel, and iron industries discharge a mixture of heavy metals along with various complex organic wastes into the environment.…”

“…Recent studies have highlighted the phytoextraction potential of some native plants such as weeds and grasses from metal-contaminated sources and organometallic industrial sludge disposed sites (Gupta and Sinha, 2007;Chandra et al, 2018;Franchi et al, 2017;Sharma et al, 2021a). Among the potential metal accumulators, several are known as food and medicinal plants (Shammi et al, 2016;Singh and Prasad, 2014). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 70% of the modern world's population rely on medicines of herbal origin for their health care (Jaison and Muthukumar, 2017;Annan et al, 2013).…”

“…Hence, the generated sludge remains alkaline with a high pollution load of carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds that further impede biodegradation and subsequently damaged the vegetation at the dumping site. Many common native medicinal plants are found to grow well on disposed sludge of distillery waste, however, the accumulation of heavy metals by these plants in the environment from the multi-metal contaminated site is not well studied (Jaison and Muthukumar, 2017;Shammi et al, 2016). To understand the impact of complex industrial wastes in plants and explore their potential for phytoremediation, there is a need to identify the mutagenic and carcinogenic constituents of the distillery sludge and the metal-accumulation patterns in these native plants.…”

Quality of Water for Irrigating Urban Vegetable Farms: An assessment of Toxic and Essential Metals in Water from an Urban Lake

“…Our earlier study (at the same data in respect of the microbial safety (bacterial quality) of these vegetables and the water from a lake used for their irrigation [6]. In following with a preventative approach [7,8],which is , particularly to avert the rejection of the vegetables of these small holder low income farmers on the export markets, we extended our study by evaluating water from this lake, as to whether its toxic metal as well as the essential element contents were less than the FAO maximum recommended concentration for irrigation water; Noting that concentrations of toxic metals such as Pd, Cd and Cr in foods, beyond certain limits, have proven detrimental to human health [1,[10][11][12].…”