Bioaccessibility and health risk of arsenic and heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn) in TSP and PM2.5 in Nanjing, China

Hu, Xin; Yun, Zhang; Ding, Zhuhong; Wang, Tijian; Lian, Hong-zhen; Sun, Yuanyuan; Wu, Jichun

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.04.056

Cited by 487 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The pillar industries in Nanjing are electronics, petrochemical, automobile and steel smelting (Hu et al, 2012). Nanjing is one of the most rapidly growing cities in China.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Mass Balance Source Apportionment of Size-Fractionated Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China

Chen

Wang

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In recent years, atmospheric particulate matter has become the primary air pollutant in Nanjing, China. In order to support a scientific basis for particles reduction, it is of great importance to investigate the contribution of different sources to particulate matter. In this paper, the characteristics of chemical composition of observational data for size-fractionated particulate matter at Gulou site and Pukou site in Nanjing from May 2010 to April 2011 were analyzed. Emission samples of particulate matter were collected and size-fractionated particulate chemical compositions were analyzed to obtain the source profiles. , respectively. The dominant chemical constituents are SO 4 2-, NO 3 -, Ca, NH 4 + , Cl -, Fe, Al, and K, accounting for 93.02% and 91.56% of all of the measured compositions in PM 10 at Gulou and Pukou. These components account for 95.23% and 93.48% of PM 2.1 at Gulou and Pukou. Seven types of sources, including coal combustion dust, construction dust, smelting dust, soil dust, vehicle exhaust, secondary aerosols and sea salt, are considered. The results of source apportionment show that in coarse particles, construction dust contributes a maximum of 58.9% at Gulou and 47.3% at Pukou. Smelting dust, as the second most important source, contributes 14.1% and 19.7% at these two sites. For fine particulate matter, secondary inorganic aerosols and coal dust contribution are the two largest sources accounting for 58.8% and 15.9% at Gulou and 44.2% and 39.5% at Pukou. The findings will be useful for the local government to create efficient control strategies to reduce the emission of construction dust and to pay great attention to the prevention of secondary aerosols and coal combustion dust.

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“…The pillar industries in Nanjing are electronics, petrochemical, automobile and steel smelting (Hu et al, 2012). Nanjing is one of the most rapidly growing cities in China.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Mass Balance Source Apportionment of Size-Fractionated Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China

Chen

Wang

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

Self Cite

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“…Ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution, is emerging as one of the leading risk factors of mortality, ranking in the sixth place in 2010 [1,2] from the 13th place in 2000 among all risk factors [3]. Atmospheric PM came not only from natural sources, including volcanic eruptions, crustal materials, surface dust, sea spray, wildfires, etc., but also from a variety of anthropogenic sources such as coal combustion, vehicular emissions, biomass burning and industrial emissions, and so on [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variations and Sources of 17 Aerosol Metal Elements in Suburban Nanjing, China

Chen

et al. 2016

Atmosphere

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Abstract:In this work, the seasonal variations and sources of trace metal elements in atmospheric fine aerosols (PM 2.5 ) were investigated for a year-long field campaign from July 2012 to June 2013, conducted in suburban Nanjing, eastern China, at a site adjacent to an industry zone. The PM 2.5 samples collected across four seasons were analyzed for 17 metal elements, namely, Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminum (Al), Vanadium (V), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Selenium (Se), Strontium (Sr), Cadmium (Cd), Barium (Ba), Lead (Pb), Molybdenum (Mo), and Antimony (Sb) using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We found that the total concentration of all 17 metal elements was 1.23 µg/m 3 , on average accounting for 1.0% of the total PM 2.5 mass. For our data, mass concentrations of Al, Cd, Ba were highest in summer, Mg, Cu, Zn, Se, Pb peaked in autumn, Cr, Mn, Ni, As, Sr, Sb increased significantly in winter, while the concentrations of Na, V, Mo were at their highest levels in spring. Air mass back trajectory analysis suggested that air parcels that arrived at the site originated from four dominant regions (Japan, yellow sea and bohai; Southeast of China, the Pacific Ocean; Southwest of Jiangsu and Anhui province; Northern Asia inland and Mongolia region), in particular, the one from Northern Asia inland and Mongolia contained the highest concentrations of As, Sb, Sr, and was predominant in winter. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analyses revealed that the industrial emission is the largest contributor (34%) of the observed metal elements, followed by traffic (25%), soil dust (19%), coal combustion (10%), incineration of electronic waste (9%), and a minor unknown source (3%). In addition, we have also investigated the morphology and composition of particles by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) techniques, and identified particles from coal burning sources, etc., similar to the PMF results.

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“…The carcinogenic risk of adults with six carcinogenic elements was higher than that of children. The carcinogenic risk found in this study was significantly higher than that in Nanjing (Hu et al 2012), Chengdu and Tianjin (Chen et al 2015), implying greater impact on the public health, the local environmental protection departments should take appropriate measures to reduce its harm.…”

Section: Health Risk Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In 2013, The 2010 Global Disease Burden Assessment noted that in 2010, China's outdoor PM 2.5 pollution resulted in 1.234 million deaths and 25 million years of health life loss in China ). At present, domestic research on atmospheric PM 2.5 pollution is mainly focused on large cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Xi'an, Nanjing, Tianjin, etc., discussing the PM 2.5 pollution characteristics, element composition, source apportionment and health risk (Cao et al 2012a;Hu et al 2012;Huang et al 2014;Tao et al 2013;Wang et al 2006Wang et al , 2013Zhang and Cao 2015;Zheng et al 2005). In recent years, haze events frequently occur over the Wuhan city cluster and its surrounding areas during autumn and winter, and have aroused widespread concern of the public.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels, Sources, Markers and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 Over a Typical Mining and Metallurgical City of Central China

et al. 2017

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To investigate the pollution characteristics, sources and health risk assessment of various elements in PM 2.5 of Huangshi city, 54 samples were collected from March 2012 to February 2013. The composition and characteristic of sixteen elements (Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, V, Fe, As, Pb, Cd, Co, Ni and W) were analyzed by high-sensitivity X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The result showed that the annual mean concentration of PM 2.5 was 104.4 μg/m 3 , far exceeding the secondary level of Ambient Air Quality Standard of China (annual average limit 35 μg/m 3 ). Element W has the highest annual concentration, followed by Zn, Pb and As. Compared with the concentration limit of National Ambient Air Quality Standard of China, Cd and As in Huangshi were 4.3 times and 32.8 times higher, respectively, than national standard. The concentration of most elements has distinct seasonal characteristic which is higher in winter and lower in summer. Enrichment factor (EF) analysis indicates that W, Fe, Cd, As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co and Ni are extremely enriched in PM 2.5 , Ca, Mg and Mn are highly enriched, and V is significant enriched. EF of Ti is less than 2, suggesting minimal pollution. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis indicates that Ca, Ti and Al are associated with fugitive dust, and As is associated with coal-fired industrial activity. W, Cr, Cd, V and Ni are originated from chemical and metallurgical industry activities. Pb, Zn, Cu and Mg are derived from vehicle emissions. The results of the human health risk assessment model show that As may pose great non-carcinogenic risk to children and adults. Cr and As have a higher carcinogenic risk for adults, and Cr has a higher carcinogenic risk for children, and other toxic metals are in relatively safe range.

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Bioaccessibility and health risk of arsenic and heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn) in TSP and PM2.5 in Nanjing, China

Cited by 487 publications

References 26 publications

Chemical Mass Balance Source Apportionment of Size-Fractionated Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China

Chemical Mass Balance Source Apportionment of Size-Fractionated Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China

Seasonal Variations and Sources of 17 Aerosol Metal Elements in Suburban Nanjing, China

Levels, Sources, Markers and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 Over a Typical Mining and Metallurgical City of Central China

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