Seasonal Variations and Sources of 17 Aerosol Metal Elements in Suburban Nanjing, China

Lu, Qi; Chen, Mindong; Ge, Xinlei; Zhang, Yafei; Guo, Bingfang

doi:10.3390/atmos7120153

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Besides SNA, another relatively rich ionic species was calcium, which took up ~8.2% WSIIs mass, followed by minor contributions from Mg 2+ (0.3%), K + (1.0%), and Na + (1.2%) ( Figure 3). Other trace metals together, only occupied ~1% of total PM2.5 mass, which was lower than those reported in Changzhou (2.7% and 5.0%) [29], etc., but similar to that found in Nanjing (1%) [33]. Zn, Al, Pb, and Mn were relatively rich (together 75.4%), and the other 10 elements only occupied ~1/4 mass of the trace elements.…”

Section: General Characteristics Of Pm 25 Componentssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…A Thermo Fisher X2 Series Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was then used to determine the concentrations of 14 trace elements, including Al, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Cd, Ba, and Pb. More details and detection limits of the elements can be found in Qi et al [33].…”

Section: Water-soluble Organic Carbon (Wsoc) and Total Nitrogen (Wstn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Characteristics of PM2.5 and Water-Soluble Organic Nitrogen in Yangzhou, China

Chen

Xie

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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Chemical characterization of fine atmospheric particles (PM2.5) is important for effective reduction of air pollution. This work analyzed PM2.5 samples collected in Yangzhou, China, during 2016. Ionic species, organic matter (OM), elemental carbon (EC), and trace metals were determined, and an Aerodyne soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was introduced to determine the OM mass, rather than only organic carbon mass. We found that inorganic ionic species was dominant (~52%), organics occupied about 1/4, while trace metals (~1%) and EC (~2.1%) contributed insignificantly to the total PM2.5 mass. Water-soluble OM appeared to link closely with secondary OM, while water-insoluble OM correlated well with primary OM. The PM2.5 concentrations were relatively low during summertime, while its compositions varied little among different months. Seasonal variations of water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) concentrations were not significant, while the mass contributions of WSON to total nitrogen were remarkably high during summer and autumn. WSON was found to associate better with secondary sources based on both correlation analyses and principle component analyses. Analyses of potential source contributions to WSON showed that regional emissions were dominant during autumn and winter, while the ocean became relatively important during spring and summer.

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Section: General Characteristics Of Pm 25 Componentssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Water-soluble Organic Carbon (Wsoc) and Total Nitrogen (Wstn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characteristics of PM2.5 and Water-Soluble Organic Nitrogen in Yangzhou, China

Chen

Xie

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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“…Therefore, the effects of temperature on particle concentrations are complex [8,9]. For instance, in summer, high temperature promotes the formation of particulate sulfate, but dissociates parts of particulate nitrate [48][49][50], hence, it was hard to present the definite relationships between temperature and PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations. In general, temperature plays a significant role in regulating PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations by changing the humidity and wind speed, and it tends to have some effects on air disturbance and relative humidity [39].…”

Section: Effect Of Meteorological Factors On Pm 10 and Pm 25 Concentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relatively slow wind speed favors accumulation of particles resulting in elevated pollution concentrations [17]. Humidity and wind speed influence the concentration by affecting the dry deposition velocity and resuspension [50][51][52]. For example, in spring during the daytime, PM 10 concentration on the wetland was lower than that on the bare land, however, there was an opposite case during night.…”

Section: Effect Of Meteorological Factors On Pm 10 and Pm 25 Concentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surprisingly, we found the dry removal efficiencies of PM 10 and PM 2.5 in summer were lower than those in other seasons. Nevertheless, in summer, the plants grown in the wetland have the ability to absorb and capture particles; moreover, some water-soluble ions could dissolve the particles into water [48][49][50]. Thus, in theory, the dry removal efficiency in summer should be higher than the other seasons.…”

Section: Removal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Concentrations and Removal Effects of PM10 and PM2.5 on a Wetland in Beijing

Huang

Guo

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Particulate matter (PM) is an essential source of atmospheric pollution in metropolitan areas since it has adverse effects on human health. However, previous research suggested wetlands can remove particulate matter from the atmosphere to land surfaces. This study was conducted in the Hanshiqiao Wetland National Nature Reserve in Beijing during 2016. The concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 on a wetland and bare land in the park, as well as metrological data, were collected during the whole year. Based on the observed data, removal efficiency of each land use type was calculated by empirical models and the relationships between concentrations and metrological factors were also analyzed. The results indicated that: (1) In general, the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations on the bare land surface were higher than those on the wetland surface, in both of which the highest value appeared at night and evening, while the lowest value appeared near noon. In terms of season, the average concentration of PM10 was higher in winter (wetland: 137.48 μg·m−3; bare land: 164.75 μg·m−3) and spring (wetland: 205.18 μg·m−3; bare land: 244.85 μg·m−3) in general. The concentration of PM2.5 on the wetland surface showed the same pattern, while that on the bare land surface was higher in spring and summer. (2) Concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were significantly correlated with the relative humidity (p < 0.01) and inversely correlated with wind speed (p < 0.05). The relationship between PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations and temperature was more complicated—it showed a significantly negative correlation (p < 0.01) between them in winter and spring, however, the correlation was insignificant in autumn. In summer, only the correlation between PM10 concentration and temperature on the wetland surface was significant (p < 0.01). (3) The dry removal efficiency of PM10 was greater than that of PM2.5. The dry removal efficiencies of PM10 and PM2.5 followed the order of spring > winter > autumn > summer on the wetland. This study seeks to provide practical measures to improve air quality and facilitate sustainable development in Beijing.

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The new WHO air quality guidelines for PM2.5: predicament for small/medium cities

Polezer

Potgieter‐Vermaak

Oliveira

et al. 2022

Environ Geochem Health

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The Global Burden of Disease estimated that approximately 7.1 million deaths worldwide were related to air pollution in 2016. However, only a limited number of small-and middle-sized cities have air quality monitoring networks.To date, air quality in terms of particulate matter is still mainly focused on mass concentration, with limited compositional monitoring even in mega cities, despite evidence indicating differential toxicity of particulate matter. As this evidence is far from conclusive, we conducted PM2.5 bioaccessibility studies of potentially harmful elements (PHE) in a medium-sized city, Londrina-Brazil. The data was interpreted in terms of source apportionment, the health risk evaluation, and the bioaccessibility of inorganic contents in an artificial lysosomal fluid. The daily average concentration of PM2.5 was below the WHO guideline, however, the chemical health assessment indicated a considerable health risk. The in vitro evaluation showed different potential mobility when compared to previous studies in large-sized cities, those with 1 million inhabitants or more (Curitiba and Manaus). The new WHO guideline for PM2.5 mass concentration puts additional pressure on cities where air pollution monitoring is limited and/or neglected, because decision making is mainly revenue-and not socioeconomical-driven. Given the further emerging evidence that PM chemical composition is as, or even more, important than mass concentration levels, the research reported in the paper could pave the way for the necessary inter-and intra-city collaborations that are needed to address this global health challenge.

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Seasonal Variations and Sources of 17 Aerosol Metal Elements in Suburban Nanjing, China

Cited by 48 publications

References 71 publications

Chemical Characteristics of PM2.5 and Water-Soluble Organic Nitrogen in Yangzhou, China

Chemical Characteristics of PM2.5 and Water-Soluble Organic Nitrogen in Yangzhou, China

The Concentrations and Removal Effects of PM10 and PM2.5 on a Wetland in Beijing

The new WHO air quality guidelines for PM2.5: predicament for small/medium cities

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