Bioaccessibility and excretion of arsenic in Niu Huang Jie Du Pian pills

Koch, Iris; Sylvester, Steven P.; Lai, Vivian; Owen, Andrew; Reimer, Kenneth J.; Cullen, William R.

doi:10.1016/j.taap.2006.12.005

Cited by 81 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This method is based on Ruby et al (10) and Rodriguez et al (6), and is similar to previously published tests (11,12). For arsenic-contaminated mine waste samples, results obtained using a similar PBET were well correlated to in-vivo (rats and cattle) bioavailability (13).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Effects of Soil Composition and Mineralogy on the Bioaccessibility of Arsenic from Tailings and Soil in Gold Mine Districts of Nova Scotia

Meunier

Walker

Wragg

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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114

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Bioaccessibility tests and mineralogical analyses were performed on arsenic-contaminated tailings and soils from gold mine districts of Nova Scotia, Canada, to examine the links between soil composition, mineralogy and arsenic bioaccessibility. Arsenic bioaccessibility ranges from 0.1% to 49%. A weak correlation was observed between total and bioaccessible arsenic concentrations, and the arsenic bioaccessibility was not correlated with other elements. Bulk Xray absorption near-edge structure analysis shows arsenic in these near-surface samples is mainly in pentavalent form, indicating that most of the arsenopyrite (As 1-) originally present in the tailings and soils has been oxidized during weathering reactions. Detailed mineralogical analyses of individual samples identified up to seven arsenic species, the relative proportions of which appear to affect arsenic bioaccessibility. The highest arsenic bioaccessibility (up to 49%) is associated with the presence of calcium-iron arsenate. Samples containing arsenic predominantly as arsenopyrite or scorodite have the lowest bioaccessibility (< 1%). Other arsenic species identified (predominantly amorphous iron arsenates and arsenic-bearing iron(oxy)hydroxides) are associated with intermediate bioaccessibility (1 to 10%). The presence of a more soluble arsenic phase, even at low concentrations, results in increased arsenic bioaccessibility from the mixed arsenic phases associated with tailings and mine-impacted soils.3

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Effects of Soil Composition and Mineralogy on the Bioaccessibility of Arsenic from Tailings and Soil in Gold Mine Districts of Nova Scotia

Meunier

Walker

Wragg

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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182

114

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“…Due to the disadvantages of in vivo methods for bioavailability determination, e.g., being time consuming, expensive, and complicated, an in vitro method for determining bioaccessibility (fraction dissolved in the digestive system and potentially available for absorption) has been commonly used to estimate the bioavailability of metals in real samples (Koch et al, 2007). The in vitro extraction can be strongly affected by various conditions, such as temperature, pH, agitation and extract composition, which should be similar to those in the human body during digestion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of bioaccessibility and potential human health risk of mercury in Chinese patent medicines

Yun

Jiang

2016

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…Low solubility of arsenic in realgar, using water as a solvent (0.4%), can be increased to approximately 1.5% by leaching in artificial body fluid [6]. Higher proportion of arsenic is accessible for absorption from traditional Chinese medicine formulae such as Niuhang Jiedu Pian, a Chinese over-the-counter pill containing arsenic in the form of realgar [7], where its toxicity is alleviated by four herbs present in formula and is lower than toxicity of realgar alone [8]. Several physical, chemical or biological procedures are proposed to improve the solubility of realgar [9][10][11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Realgar (As4S4) nanoparticles and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) induced autophagy and apoptosis in human melanoma cells in vitro

Pastorek¹,

Gronesova²,

Cholujová³

et al. 2014

neo

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The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of realgar nanoparticles and arsenic trioxide (ATO) on viability, DNA damage, proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis in the human melanoma cell lines BOWES and A375. The application of various flow cytometric methods for measurements cell viability, DNA cell cycle, mitochondrial potential, lysosomal activity, and intracellular content of glutathione was used. In addition, quantitative PCR, western blotting and multiplex bead array analyses were applied for evaluation of redox stress, autophagic flux, and cell signaling alterations.The results showed that realgar treatment of studied cells caused modulation of cell proliferation, induced a block in G2/M phase of the cell cycle and altered phosphorylation of IκB, Akt, ERK1/2, p38, and JNK kinases, as well as decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, it appeared that induction of cell death by both realgar and ATO was dose-dependent, when lower (0.3 µM) dosage increased lysosomal activity and induced autophagy and higher (1.25 µM) concentration resulted in the appearance of apoptosis, while pan-caspase inhibitor attenuated more efficiently realgar-than ATO-induced cell death. Furthermore, low concentrations of ATO and realgar nanoparticles increased the content of intracellular glutathione and elevated γ-H2AX expression confirmed DNA damage preferentially at higher concentrations of both drugs used. Further analysis revealed slight differences in time-dependent phosphorylation pattern due to both realgar and ATO treatments, while significant differences were noticed between cell lines.In conclusion, realgar nanoparticles and ATO treatment induced dose-dependent activation of autophagy and apoptosis in both melanoma cell lines, when autophagy flux was determined at lower drug concentrations and the switch to apoptosis occurred at higher concentrations of both arsenic forms.Key words : realgar, autophagy, cell cycle, DNA damage, Nrf2, chloroquine, glutathione Arsenic has been accepted to be a poison for years and it is generally considered as an extremely effective environmental co-carcinogen for some human malignancies, especially for skin and lung cancer [1]. The toxicity of arsenicals depends on their chemical states, exposure dose, the biological species, age and gender, as well as on individual susceptibilities, genetic and nutritional factors [2]. Largely, to living organisms methylated trivalent arsenicals are more toxic and pentavalent metabolites are less toxic than arsenite (iAs III ) [3,4]. In 2002, a pilot clinical study of pure realgar in treatment of patients with APL was conducted in China, and impressive responses were achieved and reported [5]. Realgar is a mineral composed mainly of tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide (As 4 S 4 ), which is also called red arsenic due to its a deep red color (Xionghuang in Chinese). Low solubility of arsenic in realgar, using water as a solvent (0.4%), can be increased to approximately 1.5% by leaching in artificial body fluid [6]. Higher proportion of...

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Bioaccessibility and excretion of arsenic in Niu Huang Jie Du Pian pills

Cited by 81 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of Soil Composition and Mineralogy on the Bioaccessibility of Arsenic from Tailings and Soil in Gold Mine Districts of Nova Scotia

Effects of Soil Composition and Mineralogy on the Bioaccessibility of Arsenic from Tailings and Soil in Gold Mine Districts of Nova Scotia

Estimation of bioaccessibility and potential human health risk of mercury in Chinese patent medicines

Realgar (As4S4) nanoparticles and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) induced autophagy and apoptosis in human melanoma cells in vitro

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