Estimation of bioaccessibility and potential human health risk of mercury in Chinese patent medicines

Yun, Zhaojun; He, Bin; Jiang, Guibin

doi:10.1016/j.jes.2015.10.010

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Bioaccessibility is a crucial parameter in determining systemic absorption . To have a negative health effect in the human body, a contaminant must be bioavailable, which relies on the degree of bioaccessibility. , Studies of bioaccessibility suggest that the amount of compound absorbed may be less than the level of a contaminant in the liquid or food. , However, despite this, most human risk assessments conservatively assume complete desorption of total concentrations, , potentially resulting in overestimates of the resulting risks. In recent years, bioaccessibility studies have therefore received a great deal of attention, having been used to evaluate the total content of heavy metals and other contaminants in soil and dust …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Transport of Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, and Spirodiclofen in Human Caco-2 Cells Followingin VitroDigestion

Shi

Xiao

Feng

et al. 2017

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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This study examined how gastrointestinal conditions affect pesticide bioaccessibility and intestinal transepithelial transport of pesticides (difenoconazole, hexaconazole, and spirodiclofen) in humans. We used an in vitro model combining human gastric and intestinal digestion, followed with Caco-2 cell model for human intestinal absorption. Bioaccessibility of three tested pesticides ranged from 25.2 to 76.3% and 10.6 to 79.63% in the gastric and intestinal phases, respectively. A marked trend similar to the normal distribution was observed between bioaccessibility and pH, with highest values observed at pH 2.12 in gastric juice. No significant differences were observed with increasing digestion time; however, a significant negative correlation was observed with the solid-liquid (S/L) ratio, following a logarithmic equation. R ranged from 0.9198 to 0.9848 and 0.9526 to 0.9951 in the simulated gastric and intestinal juices, respectively, suggesting that the S/L ratio is also a major factor affecting bioaccessibility. Moreover, significant dose- and time-response effects were subsequently observed for intestinal membrane permeability of difenoconazole, but not for hexaconazole or spirodiclofen. This is the first study to demonstrate the uptake of pesticides by human intestinal cells, aiding quantification of the likely effects on human health and highlighting the importance of considering bioaccessibility in studies of dietary exposure to pesticide residues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Transport of Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, and Spirodiclofen in Human Caco-2 Cells Followingin VitroDigestion

Shi

Xiao

Feng

et al. 2017

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Simulated gastrointestinal solutions were prepared according to the methods described in the U.S. Pharmacopeia . These extraction procedures have been widely used to understand the bioaccessibility of Hg in the human body. ,, The bioaccessibility results of the sequential extraction and in vitro gastric extraction were compared. We further compared the different bioaccessibility values of Hg among the TTM samples, β-HgS, and bluefin tuna.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each gastrointestinal extraction was performed in triplicate. The samples were then tumbled end over end at 150 rpm for 4 h in 125 mL high-density polyethylene bottles at 37 ± 1.0 °C . After extraction, the mixture was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 min and syringe-filtered through 0.45 μm cellulose acetate filters (Whatman, 10462100).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Form and Bioaccessibility of Mercury in Traditional Tibetan Medicines

Liu

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Extremely high mercury (Hg) concentrations have been identified in traditional Tibetan medicine (TTM) products, but the chemical form and bioaccessibility of Hg remain unknown. We conducted experiments to explore whether the Hg contained in TTM is toxic. We determined that HgS is not the exclusive form of Hg in TTM; other compounds could be present in substantial quantities, ranging from 2 to 52% of the total Hg in commonly used TTMs. A substantial amount of Hg could be released from TTM after ingestion. In total, an average of 12 μg of Hg (mostly inorganic)/g (range of 0.41−25 μg of Hg/g) in TTMs was released into the liquid phase in simulated human gastrointestinal environments. However, different from the results from ingestion by fish, the release of Hg from TTM in the intestinal environment is larger than that in the gastric environment by a factor of 2. In the case of joint ingestion with protein-rich products, releases of methyl Hg and inorganic Hg from TTM in gastrointestinal environments could be significantly enhanced by factors of 9 and 6, respectively. Our efforts further highlight that the Hg contained in TTMs could be harmful to human health, and the clinical safety of different TTM products should be thoroughly evaluated.

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“…For example, the LD 50 values of different arsenic species in rat are different, the most toxic species would be arsine with LD 50 of 3.0 mg/kg, but monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid would be considered "non-toxic" with LD 50 between 700 and 2600 mg/kg [21]. In TCM, heavy metals could also present in the herb in many forms, especially for arsenic and mercury [22][23][24]. Therefore, it is important to identify the forms of heavy metals in TCM to rationally assess the potential hazard of inorganic impurities in TCM.…”

Section: Loss On Dryingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality standard of traditional Chinese medicines: comparison between European Pharmacopoeia and Chinese Pharmacopoeia and recent advances

et al. 2020

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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are becoming more and more popular all over the world. However, quality issues of TCM may lead to medical incidents in practice and therefore quality control is essential to TCM. In this review, the state of TCM in European Pharmacopoeia are compared with that in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and herbal drugs that are not considered as TCM and not elaborated by TCM working party at European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & Health Care (EDQM) but present in both European Pharmacopoeia and Chinese Pharmacopoeias are also discussed. Different aspects in quality control of TCM including origins, identification, tests and assays, as well as sample preparation, marker selection and TCM processing are covered to address the importance of establishing comprehensive quality standard of TCM. Furthermore, advanced analytical techniques for quality control and standard establishment of TCM are also reviewed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13020-020-00357-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Estimation of bioaccessibility and potential human health risk of mercury in Chinese patent medicines

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Factors Affecting the Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Transport of Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, and Spirodiclofen in Human Caco-2 Cells Followingin VitroDigestion

Factors Affecting the Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Transport of Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, and Spirodiclofen in Human Caco-2 Cells Followingin VitroDigestion

Chemical Form and Bioaccessibility of Mercury in Traditional Tibetan Medicines

Quality standard of traditional Chinese medicines: comparison between European Pharmacopoeia and Chinese Pharmacopoeia and recent advances

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