“…Numerous synthesis approaches, including co-precipitation [26,27], auto-combustion [28][29][30], one-step ion exchange method [31], thermal oxidation [32], electrochemical method [33], gas phase flame method [34], thermal decomposition [35], electrochemical deposition [36], sol-gel method [37], the ultrasound-assisted green method [38,39], the wet chemical method [40], have been used to synthesize semiconductor iron oxide materials. Some of these methods are unfriendly to large-scale practical applications because they often require the use of costly and harmful chemicals, prolonged reaction times, demanding conditions, and high temperatures.…”