Bio-Organic Fertilizer: A Green Technology to Reduce Synthetic N and P Fertilizer for Rice Production

Abstract

Decomposed organic materials, in combination with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), are environmentally friendly and reduce synthetic fertilizer use in rice production. A bio-organic fertilizer (BoF) was prepared using kitchen waste (79%), chita-dhan (unfilled rice grain) biochar (15%), rock phosphate (5%), and a consortium of 10 PGPB (1%) to supplement 30% nitrogen and to replace triple superphosphate (TSP) fertilizer in rice production with an improvement of soil health. PGPB were local isolates and identified using 16S ribosomal RNA partial gene sequences as Bacillus mycoides, Proteus sp., Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, and Paenibacillus spp. Isolates could fix N2 by 0.7–1.4 g kg–1, solubilize 0.1–1.2 g kg–1 phosphate, and produce 0.1–40 g kg–1 indoleacetic acid. The performance of BoF was evaluated by 16 field experiments and 18 farmers’ field demonstration trials during the year 2017–2020 in different parts of Bangladesh. Performances of BoF were evaluated based on control (T1), full synthetic fertilizer dose of N, P, and K (T2), BoF (2 t ha–1) + 70% N as urea + 100% K as muriate of potash (T3), 70% N as urea + 100% P as TSP + 100% K as muriate of potash (T4), and 2 t ha–1 BoF (T5) treatments. At the research station, average grain yield improved by 10–13% in T3 compared with T2 treatment. Depending on seasons, higher agronomic N use efficiency (19–30%), physiological N use efficiency (8–18%), partial factor productivity (PFP)N (114–150%), recovery efficiency (RE)N (3–31%), N harvest index (HIN) (14–24%), agronomic P use efficiency (22–25%), partial factor productivity of P (9–12%), AREP (15–23%), and HIP (3–6%) were obtained in T3 compared with T2 treatment. Research results were reflected in farmers’ field, and significant (P < 0.05) higher plant height, tiller, panicle, grain yield, partial factor productivity of N and P were obtained in the same treatment. Application of BoF improved soil organic carbon by 6–13%, along with an increased number of PGPB as compared with full synthetic fertilizer dose. In conclusion, tested BoF can be considered as a green technology to reduce 30% synthetic N and 100% TSP requirements in rice production with improved soil health.

Effects of Abiotic Stress on Soil Microbiome

“…Direct mechanism of PGPR include biofertilization, root stimulation, rhizoremediation, and plant stress control, while antibiosis, induction of systemic resistance and competition for nutrients are the indirect mechanisms of PGPR [32]. It has been shown that, inoculation of beneficial bacteria are able to reduce the use of fertilizer and is a cost effective initiative in reducing the use of agrochemicals [33][34][35]. PGPR such as Burkholderia sp.…”

Effect of different biochar particle sizes together with bio-organic fertilizer on rhizosphere soil microecological environment on saline–alkali land

“…Bio-organic fertilizers (BOFs), which combine beneficial functional microbes with a suitable substrate, are more effective than microbes added directly to the soil and are widely accepted as a promising biological tactic for suppressing soil-borne pathogens (Cao et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2015), promoting plant growth (Gopalakrishnan et al, 2013;Naher et al, 2021), and altering the composition of the rhizosphere (Rh) microbial community (Zhang et al, 2014;Zhao et al, 2018;Chen et al, 2021). Limited studies on the combined application of BOFs and other amendments suggest they may be effective strategies for remediating saline-alkaline soil properties, enhancing soil enzymatic and microbial activities closely related to the nutrient cycling and bioavailability, and improving soil productivity in a saline-alkali ecosystem (Liang et al, 2005;Vishnu et al, 2017;Lu et al, 2020).…”

Respon Morfologi dan Fisiologi Lima Varietas Padi pada Pemberian Pupuk Organik Diperkaya Mikroba

“…Bacillus dan Pseudomonas dapat melindungi tanaman dengan menghasilkan senyawa siderofor dan menghasilkan hormon pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman seperti indole acetic acid dan asam absisat (Molina et al, 2019). Beberapa penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan penggunaan pupuk organik diperkaya mikroba mampu meningkatkan potensi hasil tanaman jagung sebesar 10% (Antonius et al, 2015), dan meningkatkan hasil padi dibandingkan pupuk anorganik sebesar 10-13% (Naher et al, 2021).…”