Effects of Abiotic Stress on Soil Microbiome

Abstract

Rhizospheric organisms have a unique manner of existence since many factors can influence the shape of the microbiome. As we all know, harnessing the interaction between soil microbes and plants is critical for sustainable agriculture and ecosystems. We can achieve sustainable agricultural practice by incorporating plant-microbiome interaction as a positive technology. The contribution of this interaction has piqued the interest of experts, who plan to do more research using beneficial microorganism in order to accomplish this vision. Plants engage in a wide range of interrelationship with soil microorganism, spanning the entire spectrum of ecological potential which can be mutualistic, commensal, neutral, exploitative, or competitive. Mutualistic microorganism found in plant-associated microbial communities assist their host in a number of ways. Many studies have demonstrated that the soil microbiome may provide significant advantages to the host plant. However, various soil conditions (pH, temperature, oxygen, physics-chemistry and moisture), soil environments (drought, submergence, metal toxicity and salinity), plant types/genotype, and agricultural practices may result in distinct microbial composition and characteristics, as well as its mechanism to promote plant development and defence against all these stressors. In this paper, we provide an in-depth overview of how the above factors are able to affect the soil microbial structure and communities and change above and below ground interactions. Future prospects will also be discussed.

Biodiversity and Metabolic Potential of Bacteria in Bulk Soil from the Peri-Root Zone of Black Alder (Alnus glutinosa), Silver Birch (Betula pendula) and Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris)

“…Other studies have confirmed that the genus Bradyrhizobium is the dominant genus and symbiote of Australian acacia [ 14 ]. Acacia dealbata enriches bulk soils with potentially beneficial microbial taxa and members of the genus Bradyrhizobium may play an integral role in this process.…”

“…Accordingly, tree-root-associated microbial communities are shaped by both the host tree and local environmental variables [ 15 , 30 ]. The abundance of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium in soils also affects the composition and functions of microorganisms in the bulk soil of trees [ 14 ]. Soil pH correlates with microbiome composition, with the microbial assemblages changing in more acidic soils [ 8 , 34 , 49 ].…”

“…A forest habitat is defined as a set of relatively persistent climatic, topographic, water and soil factors creating conditions for forest life [ 3 ]. Undergrowth vegetation in forests deformed by humans often does not reflect the possibilities of habitats, but only the possibilities of surface soil levels, not taking into account their deeper layers, which are accessible to tree roots [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The relationships between soils and vegetation in forests have been the subject of many studies [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Microbial Community and Function-Based Synthetic Bioinoculants: A Perspective for Sustainable Agriculture

“…Cultivated soils are one of the most diverse microbial ecosystems, harboring bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses, protists, and many others and supporting various biogeochemical cycles and plant growth. Soil microbial communities are critical to plant health and adapt rapidly to different abiotic and biotic stresses ( Abdul Rahman et al, 2021 ). The soils and their microbial members provide humans with 98.8% of the plant foods we eat ( FAO, 2018 ; Kopittke et al, 2019 ; Soto-Giron et al, 2021 ).…”

Plant–Microbe Interaction: Aboveground to Belowground, from the Good to the Bad

“…For instance, climate change and its effect on agriculture, such as drought and flooding, severely impact soil microbiomes. Furthermore, physical changes in temperature, pH, oxygen level, and soil structure also affect its inhabitants [ 11 ]. In addition, the chemical compounds derived through the cycling of materials in the soil or from agricultural practices also affects soil biology.…”