Abstract:Thermochemical conversion of tobacco residues to value-added bio-fuels and chemicals via fast pyrolysis, in combination with torrefaction pretreatment, in a rotating blade ablative reactor under vacuum conditions.
“…The alkanes and the benzene derivatives were the majority of the compounds identified for all temperatures. These alkanes were not found via GC-MS in our previous work [37]. At 600˚C, the alkanes had the highest percentage of peak area, while at 500˚C, the benzene derivatives were the highest.…”
Application of advanced pyrolysis processes to agricultural waste for liquid production is gaining great attention, especially when it is applied to an economic crop like tobacco. In this work, tobacco residues were pyrolyzed in an ablative reactor under vacuum. The maximum bio-oil yield of 55% w/w was obtained at 600°C with a particle size of 10 mm at a blade rotation speed of 10 rpm. The physical properties of the products showed that the oil produced was of high quality with high carbon, hydrogen, and calorific value. Two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis results indicated that the oils were complex mixtures of alkanes, benzene derivative groups, and nitrogen-containing compounds. In addition, 13C NMR results confirmed that long aliphatic chain alkanes were evident. The alkanes were likely converted from furans that were decomposed from hemicelluloses. Ablative pyrolysis under vacuum proved to be a promising option for generating useful amount of bio-oils from tobacco residues.
“…The alkanes and the benzene derivatives were the majority of the compounds identified for all temperatures. These alkanes were not found via GC-MS in our previous work [37]. At 600˚C, the alkanes had the highest percentage of peak area, while at 500˚C, the benzene derivatives were the highest.…”
Application of advanced pyrolysis processes to agricultural waste for liquid production is gaining great attention, especially when it is applied to an economic crop like tobacco. In this work, tobacco residues were pyrolyzed in an ablative reactor under vacuum. The maximum bio-oil yield of 55% w/w was obtained at 600°C with a particle size of 10 mm at a blade rotation speed of 10 rpm. The physical properties of the products showed that the oil produced was of high quality with high carbon, hydrogen, and calorific value. Two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis results indicated that the oils were complex mixtures of alkanes, benzene derivative groups, and nitrogen-containing compounds. In addition, 13C NMR results confirmed that long aliphatic chain alkanes were evident. The alkanes were likely converted from furans that were decomposed from hemicelluloses. Ablative pyrolysis under vacuum proved to be a promising option for generating useful amount of bio-oils from tobacco residues.
“…The HBO, LBO, and WS products were analyzed by GC–MS. The peak values from this analysis do not represent the actual concentrations of compounds, they indicate the product distributions associated with the solvent (Khuenkaeo et al 2020 ). Figure 6 depicts the main composition of each liquid product at the optimum reaction condition (310 °C and 15 min).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Phenolic compounds are likely derived from the degradation of lignin, while the ketones are probably formed from further reactions of the sugars generated by the degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose (Barbier et al 2012 ). Large amount of nitrogenous compounds observed in the WS product may be due to the fact that the tobacco processing residues are initially rich in N content (Khuenkaeo et al 2020 ), compared to other types of lignocellulosic biomass (Tanyaket et al 2020 ). Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since they are usually considered worthless, the waste is either heaped on farmlands or burnt on-site for disposal. So far, only a few papers on converting tobacco residues to biocrude oil have been reported (Chumsawat and Tippayawong 2020 ; Khuenkaeo et al 2020 ). Pyrolysis was used as the main conversion process in all these papers.…”
Graphic abstract
Fossil fuels are the primary energy source of almost all societies and economies, but it is finite and scarce. The use of non-renewable fossil fuels threatens earth’s environment. At the same time, waste from agricultural and industrial activities is increasing. Most of this waste is discarded or poorly managed, causing many other environmental issues. Converting waste to energy is a promising route to address these challenges. We investigated the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of high moisture content, tobacco-processing waste in a multiple batch thermal reactor to produce biocrude oil. The effects of operating conditions were studied and optimized for maximum liquid biocrude oil yield. HTL operating conditions considered were temperatures from 280 to 340 °C and residence times from 15 to 45 min for a fixed ratio of biomass to deionized water of 1:3. The reaction temperature was found to affect the yields and distribution of products significantly. The maximum yield of the liquid biocrude oil obtained was more than 52%
w/w
at 310 °C and 15 min. Under these conditions, almost 90% of the energy was recovered in biocrude oil and solid products. The liquid fraction was mainly composed of phenols, ketones, and nitrogenous compounds. This study provides a potential framework for eco-technologies for biomass waste-to-energy conversion with respect to converting tobacco processing residues to liquid biofuels and biochemicals.
“…e solid material obtained from the abovementioned process is a cellulose-rich material (CRM) and can be upgraded into high-quality biochemical or fuels through processes such as fermentation [11], torrefaction [12], and pyrolysis [13].…”
The use of ionic liquids (ILs) for biomass pretreatment to produce cellulose-rich materials (CRMs) has been well proven. In this research, due to the wide range of applications and ease of using artificial intelligence procedures, on the basis of the algorithm of stochastic gradient boosting (SGB) decision tree, an artificial intelligence approach is proposed to estimate the properties of cellulose-rich materials (CRMs). That being the case, the dataset of the empirical output values was gathered and was randomly broken down into datasets for testing and training. These results show that the best forecasting tool for calculating the properties of CRMs is the developed model. Furthermore, the accuracy of the databank of the biodiesel target values has been examined. In contrast, the influences of model contributed variables on the output have been examined as a new issue. It reveals that the most influencing variable in determining the properties of CRMs is the cellulose enrichment factor. Therefore, this research provides an innovative and accurate tool for predicting the properties of CRMs and sensitivity investigation on effective parameters to help investigators developing the optimized process.
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