Bio inspired general artificial muscle using hybrid of mixed electrolysis and fluids chemical reaction (HEFR)

Zakeri, Ramin; Zakeri, Reza

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07799-9

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…gradual bending or sharp bending) and torsion (i.e. single direction or multi-direction) can be used to realize advanced displacement [20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing the structural behavior of conducting polymer actuators and its interdependence with the electrochemical phenomenon

Kumar,

Yu,

Khandelwal

2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

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This work reports the deformation behavior of a conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/bacterial cellulose (BC) bi-layered cantilever type actuator. Herein, it was found that the type (i.e., bending and torsion) of deformation of (PEDOT:PSS)/BC actuator was non-trivially dependent on its dimensions (width and length). Increasing the actuator’s width resulted in larger torsional deformation along the longitudinal axis against the increased area moment of inertia. The actuator with a width of 7.75 mm rotates ~ 90o (i.e., the bottom cross-section) with respect to its top end. It was noticed that torsional motion dominated the deformation when the bending in the lateral direction was restricted. Further, the maximum tip displacement trivially increased with the length from 5.40 mm for an actuator of length 10 mm to 12.40 mm for a length of 59.00 mm. However, the curvature of bending, which was proportional to the induced strain, was higher for smaller lengths. The change in the dimension of the actuator involves change in the stress field distribution (i.e., induced through electrochemical process) and simultaneously the resistance to deformation, resulting in a non-trivial relationship between the deformation and the dimensions. This can be advantageous from the design perspective in realizing different types of motions without incorporating additional materials. Structural theory and electrochemical impedance Spectroscopy were used to understand the mechanism of deformation dependence on the dimensions. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicated that electrolytic ions penetrate deeper into the PEDOT:PSS layer for actuators of smaller lengths. The increase in the curvature of the actuator could be explained based on the constancy of the strain produced due to the volume change per ion. The torsional motion increased because the stresses were being induced further away from the center in wider actuators. These observations and analyses reveal the interdependence of the structural behavior (i.e., dimensions) and the electrochemical phenomenon (i.e., deformation) in a conducting polymer actuator.

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“…gradual bending or sharp bending) and torsion (i.e. single direction or multi-direction) can be used to realize advanced displacement [20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing the structural behavior of conducting polymer actuators and its interdependence with the electrochemical phenomenon

Kumar,

Yu,

Khandelwal

2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

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“…), artificial muscles can be deformed by changes in their own structure to produce the three basic actions of reversible expansion ( Wang et al, 2021a ), rotation ( Wang H Q et al, 2020 ), and retraction ( Oh et al, 2022 ). Due to the advantages of versatility, usability and high power-to-weight ratio compared to conventional motor drives ( Wang et al, 2021b ), artificial muscles have shown great potential for applications ( Phan et al, 2021 ; Zakeri and Zakeri, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in artificial muscles: A brief literature and patent review

Jing

Su²,

Yu³

et al. 2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Background: Artificial muscles are an active research area now.Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed to evaluate the development of artificial muscles based on research papers and patents. A detailed overview of artificial muscles’ scientific and technological innovation was presented from aspects of productive countries/regions, institutions, journals, researchers, highly cited papers, and emerging topics.Results: 1,743 papers and 1,925 patents were identified after retrieval in Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) and Derwent Innovations Index (DII). The results show that China, the United States, and Japan are leading in the scientific and technological innovation of artificial muscles. The University of Wollongong has the most publications and Spinks is the most productive author in artificial muscle research. Smart Materials and Structures is the journal most productive in this field. Materials science, mechanical and automation, and robotics are the three fields related to artificial muscles most. Types of artificial muscles like pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) and dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) are maturing. Shape memory alloy (SMA), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and other novel materials have shown promising applications in this field.Conclusion: Along with the development of new materials and processes, researchers are paying more attention to the performance improvement and cost reduction of artificial muscles.

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Design and Scalable Fast Fabrication of Biaxial Fabric Pouch Motors for Soft Robotic Artificial Muscle Applications

Yilmaz,

Ozlem,

Celebi

et al. 2024

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Soft pouch motors, engineered to mimic the natural movements of skeletal muscles, play a crucial role in advancing robotics and exoskeleton development. However, the fabrication techniques often involve multistage processes; they lack soft sensing capabilities and are sensitive to cutting and damage. This work introduces a new textile‐based pouch motors with the capacity for biaxial actuation and capacitive sensory functions, achieved through the application of computerized knitting technology using ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene yarn (Spectra) and conductive silver yarns. This method enables the rapid and scalable mass fabrication of robust pouch motors. The resulting pouch motors exhibit maximum lifting capacity of 10 kg, maximum contraction of 53.3% along the y‐axis, and transverse extension of 41.18% along the x‐axis at 50 kPa pressure. Finite element analysis closely matches the experimental data. The capacitance signals in relation to contraction motion are well suited for detecting air pressure levels and hold promise for applications requiring robotic control. Notably, it effectively elevates an ankle joint simulator at a 20° angle, highlighting its potential for applications such assisting individuals with foot drop. This study presents a practical demonstration of the soft ankle exosuit designed to provide lifting support for individuals facing this mobility challenge.

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Bio inspired general artificial muscle using hybrid of mixed electrolysis and fluids chemical reaction (HEFR)

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Analyzing the structural behavior of conducting polymer actuators and its interdependence with the electrochemical phenomenon

Analyzing the structural behavior of conducting polymer actuators and its interdependence with the electrochemical phenomenon

Advances in artificial muscles: A brief literature and patent review

Design and Scalable Fast Fabrication of Biaxial Fabric Pouch Motors for Soft Robotic Artificial Muscle Applications

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