Bio‐fuel cell for medical device energy system: A review

Abstract

Fuel cells efficiently turn chemicals in fuel into electricity by chemical reaction and have been described as among the most recent advances in the upcoming cleaner energy sector. In recent times, fuel cells are being used in medicine, including experimental studies and current and potential goods, having numerous benefits over previous batteries, such as the convenience of recharging, eco-sustainable character, and high safety. This article highlights the up-to-date development of this energy system focusing on biofuel cells in implantable medical devices (IMDs) that use microbes, enzymes, and noble metals as catalysts. Furthermore, a diversity of fuel cell applications on the vitro medical kit (including alcohol tester, wound treatment instrument, blood glucose meter) was also described. The integration of fuel cells into implementable medical devices is at an initial phase of research, but this technology's possibility and potency is a reward. Obviously, after successfully integrating fuel cells into the patient's psyche, civilization will move throughout an innovative diagnostic transition.

Magnetically Stimulated Bio‐ and Electrochemical Systems: State‐of‐the‐Art, Applications, and Future Directions

“…In fact, EBFCs promise green power generation from a variety of natural resources, yet most of them suffer from timedependent degradation effects, in particular progressing inactivation of enzymes, which leads to low operation stability and also severely limits the operational lifetimes of such power sources. [14] In this context, microbial biofuel cells (MBFCs) are an excellent alternative to EBFCs as they provide higher current densities originating from the magnitude of oxidation processes, cumulated with a decreased susceptibility to interfering agents or reaction inhibitors. [172][173][174] The use of the first experimental setup based on microbial biofuel cell (MBFC) is dated 1911, when Potter and co-workers reported that the degradation of organic compounds by microorganisms is accompanied by the liberation of electrical energy.…”

“…In the past few years, magnetically stimulated bio-and electrochemical systems have thus supported the design of a large variety of analytical (e. g. biosensors, immunosensors) and energy (e. g. enzymatic and microbial biofuel cells) platforms as well as their integration into macro-and microdevices. [11][12][13][14][15] Considerable efforts for the performance enhancement of bioelectrocatalytic platforms were recently performed by using functional nanomaterials with well-defined structure and chemical composition, enabling the careful integration of nano-units and nanostructures nanoarchitectonic interfaces. [15][16][17][18] This research development was largely supported by the versatile surface chemistry of magnetic nanomaterials.…”

“…biosensors, immunosensors) and energy ( e. g . enzymatic and microbial biofuel cells) platforms as well as their integration into macro‐ and microdevices [11–15] …”

Implantable microfluidics: methods and applications

“…113,114 The ability to harvest energy and serve as a power source within the human body or in surrounding environments offers great potential for the development of long-lasting and autonomous implantable devices, reducing the need for frequent battery replacements or external power sources. 115…”

“…113,114 The ability to harvest energy and serve as a power source within the human body or in surrounding environments offers great potential for the development of long-lasting and autonomous implantable devices, reducing the need for frequent battery replacements or external power sources. 115 While implantable microfluidic devices as energy harvesters or power sources are not yet widely implemented, there is immense potential for their future integration. Ongoing research and technological advancements are paving the way for the development of implantable microfluidic systems capable of harvesting energy from biological or ambient sources within the body.…”