Bio-Friendly Alternatives for Xylene – Carrot oil, Olive oil, Pine oil, Rose oil

Swamy,; Nandan,; Pg, Kulkarni; Tm, Rao; Palakurthy, Pavan

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2015/16384.6731

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These isomers possess similar physico-chemical properties [ 12 ]. Xylenes are important industrial chemicals in the petroleum industry and are widely used organic solvents in several industrial processes [ 13 , 14 ]. Although the solubility of xylenes in water is very low, in the year 2015, around 1161 million tonnes of xylenes were produced in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence and photophysical properties of xylene isomers in water: with experimental and theoretical approaches

Khan¹,

Wu²,

Liu³

et al. 2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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A thorough analysis of the photophysical properties involved in electronic transitions in excitation–emission spectra of xylene isomers has been carried out using the time-dependent density functional theory (PBEPBE/6-31 + G(d,p)) method. For the first time a structural and spectroscopic investigation to distinguish isomers of xylene, a widespread priority pollutant, was conducted experimentally and theoretically. The fluorescence properties of xylene isomers (sole and mixture (binary and ternary)) in water were studied. The fluorescence peak intensities of xylenes were linearly correlated to concentration, in the order of p-xylene > o-xylene > m-xylene at an excitation/emission wavelength (ex/em) of 260 nm/285 nm for o-, m-xylene and ex/em 265 nm/290 nm for p-xylene at the same concentration. The theoretical excitation/emission wavelengths were at ex/em 247 nm/267 nm, 248 nm/269 nm and 251 nm/307 nm for o-, m- and p-xylene, respectively. The vertical excitation and emission state energies of p-xylene (ex/em 4.94 eV/4.03 eV) were lower and the internal conversion energy difference (0.90 eV) was higher than those of m-xylene (ex/em 5.00 eV/4.60 eV) (0.4 eV) and o-xylene (ex/em 5.02 eV/4.64 eV) (0.377 eV). The order of theoretical emission and oscillator strength (0.0187 > 0.0175 > 0.0339) for p-xylene > o-xylene > m-xylene was observed to be in agreement with the experimental fluorescence intensities. These findings provide a novel fast method to distinguish isomers based on their photophysical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence and photophysical properties of xylene isomers in water: with experimental and theoretical approaches

Khan¹,

Wu²,

Liu³

et al. 2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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“…[ 3 ] Carrot oil, olive oil, pine oil, and rose oil also can be used as clearing agents instead of xylene. [ 14 ] Groundnut oil, coconut oil, and palm kernel oil also have been recommended as alternative clearing agents for processing histological sections of wood. [ 15 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative to xylene as a clearing agent in histopathology

2018

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INTRODUCTION: Clearing is an essential step in processing tissue for light microscopy. Xylene is the clearing agent used most commonly worldwide. Xylene is toxic and therefore a threat to personnel working in histopathology laboratories. We evaluated a safer alternative clearing agent for use in the histopathology laboratory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used 230 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 19 different tissues. Half of the specimens were processed using xylene and half were processed using UltraClear™. Tissues were evaluated for eight parameters: sectioning, nuclear staining, cytoplasmic staining, overall cell morphology, clarity of staining, uniformity of staining, quality of immunohistochemistry (IHC), and cost. RESULTS: Both UltraClear™ and xylene processed sections scored 100% for IHC. Sections processed using UltraClear™ were easy to cut (81.7%) as were xylene processed sections (96.5%). UltraClear™ processed sections showed 67%, 60.9%, 52.2%, 63.5%, and 67% for nuclear staining, cytoplasmic staining, cell morphology, clarity of staining, and uniformity of staining, respectively. UltraClear™ is twice as expensive as xylene. We found that tissues processed using UltraClear™ were easy to cut and worked well for both hematoxylin and eosin and IHC staining. CONCLUSION: UltraClear™ is less toxic, less flammable, friendlier to the environment, and easy to handle, but it is two times expensive than xylene. The findings of this study recommend the use of UltraClear™ solution as a routine clearing agent in histopathology laboratories. However, further studies are required.

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“…[1,2] Owing to this, there has been a continuous search for bio-safe substitutes for xylene. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Any attempt to reduce the health hazards in histopathology laboratories provides scope for a trial. Hence, this study was attempted to assess the role of bleached vegetable oil (palm oil) as a suitable alternative to xylene in processing of oral mucosal tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are striving attempts reported in English literature, searching for biosafe alternatives for this sweet-smelling toxic substance; Mineral oil mixture, vegetable oil, cedar wood oil, and liquid dish washing soap are a few to name. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Vegetable oils like palm oil are saturated fat that exist as semisolids at room temperature. [10] Conversion of a vegetable or plant-based food into oil involves complicated chemical process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bleached vegetable oil as a suitable bio-safe alternative to xylene: An exploratory study

Madhura¹,

Bhavana²,

Kumar³

et al. 2016

JCRI

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Background: Xylene is used as a clearing and dewaxing agent during routine tissue processing in histopathology laboratories. Despite its excellent clearing property, xylene is associated with adequate amount of toxicity. Therefore, various substitutes for xylene such as mineral oil and vegetable oil mixtures have been explored and are well documented in English literature. Aims and Objectives: This study had aimed at assessing the efficacy of bleached vegetable oil as a clearing and a dewaxing agent. The objectives were to compare the clearing ability of bleached vegetable oil with that of xylene. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 normal oral mucosal samples (n = 12) were cut into pairs forming two groups -Group A tissues (n = 12) were processed in xylene and Group B tissues (n = 12) were processed in bleached vegetable (palm) oil. The parameters such as transparency of the tissues, nuclear and cytoplasmic staining were assessed between the two groups. Results: Tissues from both the study groups were transparent and had yielded good serial sections; adequate nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was observed in 91.7% of sections treated with bleached palm oil.

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Bio-Friendly Alternatives for Xylene – Carrot oil, Olive oil, Pine oil, Rose oil

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Fluorescence and photophysical properties of xylene isomers in water: with experimental and theoretical approaches

Fluorescence and photophysical properties of xylene isomers in water: with experimental and theoretical approaches

Alternative to xylene as a clearing agent in histopathology

Bleached vegetable oil as a suitable bio-safe alternative to xylene: An exploratory study

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