Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams with Castor Oil Based Multifunctional Polyols for Improved Compressive Properties

Lee, Joohyung; Kim, Seong Hun; Oh, Kyung Wha

doi:10.3390/polym13040576

Cited by 44 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The structure and the properties of the rocket propellant composites are influenced by the composition and ratio of the blended polyols employed for the synthesis of the binder. Thus, it can be observed that the composite containing only SET, ECP_B5, displayed two glass transition temperatures, due to a stronger segregation [48] of the hard and the soft segments of the polyurethane employed in this type of composite. In this case, the polymeric chains of SET (castor-oil-based polyol), possessing considerably higher lengths, will generate larger zones where soft segments will merge.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Novel Polyurethanes Based on Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate: Synthesis, Characterization, and Formulation of Binders for Environmentally Responsible Rocket Propellants

et al. 2021

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Novel polyurethane-based binders, specifically designed for environmentally responsible rocket propellant composites, were obtained by employing the polyester-polyols that resulted from the degradation of polyethylene terephthalate waste. A new class of “greener” rocket propellants, comprising polyurethanes (based on recycled PET) as the binder, phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) as the eco-friendly oxidizer, and triethylene glycol dinitrate (TEGDN) as the energetic plasticizer, together with aluminum as fuel and Fe2O3 as the catalyst, is herein reported. The components of the energetic mixtures were investigated (individually and as composite materials) through specific analytical tools: 1H-NMR, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, DTA and TGA, tensile and compression tests, DMA, and micro-CT. Moreover, the feasibility of this innovative solution is sustained by the ballistic performances exhibited by these composite materials in a subscale rocket motor, proving that these new formulations are suitable for rocket propellant applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Novel Polyurethanes Based on Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate: Synthesis, Characterization, and Formulation of Binders for Environmentally Responsible Rocket Propellants

et al. 2021

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“…The density values of each type of foam went on increasing with the decrease in quantity of castor oil based PHU in the formulation. 74 The foams made from EDA and HMDA were flexible due to long chain aliphatic ethylene and hexamethylene structures. Perhaps their density values were in the range 155–215 kg m −3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of foams from a blend of vegetable oil based polyhydroxyurethane and epoxy resin

Ahmad

Mahanwar

2022

Cellular Polymers

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This article aims to highlight the synthesis of foams from a blend of hydroxyurethane of castor oil and epoxy resin. An epoxidized castor oil of 4% oxirane oxygen was first converted to cyclic carbonate of castor oil at 120°C, 1 atm CO2 pressure and then it was reacted with three different aliphatic diamines to yield amine terminated Polyhydroxyurethane (PHU). Foams were prepared in a metal mould from the blend of PHU, epoxy resin, epoxy hardener and polymethylhydrogensiloxane blowing agent which releases hydrogen gas upon reaction with amine. FTIR and 1H NMR of cyclic carbonate of castor oil and PHU of castor oil were done to confirm their chemical structures. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of foams was done to assess their cellular morphology along with DSC and TGA to evaluate their thermal properties. Both flexible and rigid type of foams were synthesised in this study. Resilience of flexible foams was inspected using a ball rebound test and compression-recovery test while thermal insulation property was checked by measuring thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and R-values of rigid foams from heat transfer study using a heat transfer apparatus.

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“… ( A ) General transesterification scheme of neem oil [ 14 ]. ( B ) Molecular weight distribution of neem oil and NOG.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…89% directly as a polyol because of the intrinsic hydroxyl groups [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Moreover, castor oil-derived polyols with high functionalities can help to enhance the compressive strength of the PU foam [ 14 ]. The stable supply helps make castor oil a widely used raw material for industrial applications [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Neem Oil and Its Glyceride on the Structure and Characterization of Castor Oil-Based Polyurethane Foam

Liao

Chen

2021

Polymers

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Neem (Azadirachta indica) oil is a non-edible oil that contains azadirachtin, which can be used as a biopesticide. This study synthesizes bio-based polyurethane (PU) foam from neem and castor (Ricinus communis L.) oil at normal temperature and pressure. Neem oil can be reacted to narrow-distribution polyol by transesterification of oil and glycerol. Neem oil glyceride (NOG) can be used as polyol for bio-based PU foams and can be blended with castor oil homogeneously to reduce the cost of production. The composition of polyol was castor oil and 0 to 20% molar ratios of NOG. Hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (Desmodur N) was used as isocyanate. The molar ratios of NCO/OH were set as 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0. The average hydroxyl contents of castor oil, neem oil and NOG were 2.7 mmol/g, 0.1 mmol/g and 5.1 mmol/g, respectively. The reaction time of bio-based PU foam could be adjusted between 5 to 10 min, which is acceptable for manufacturing. The densities of PU foams were between 49.7 and 116.2 kg/m3 and decreased with increasing NCO/OH and NOG ratios and decreasing neem oil. The ranges of specific compressive strength of foams were from 0.0056 to 0.0795 kPa·m3/kg. Increasing the NOG and neem oil ratio significantly enhanced the specific compressive strength in the low NCO/OH ratio. The solvent resistance and thermogravimetric (TG) results showed that the foams have high water and thermal stability. NOG can help to increase solvent resistance. Adding neem oil reduces the solvent resistance. The results indicated that increasing NCO/OH and NOG ratios increases the cross-linking density and hard segment content of PU foams. This investigation demonstrated that castor oil-based PU foams are improved by adding NOG to the polyol mixture. PU foam has excellent properties. Neem oil can be used in manufacturing processes to produce high-performance foams via a green synthesis process.

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Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams with Castor Oil Based Multifunctional Polyols for Improved Compressive Properties

Cited by 44 publications

References 39 publications

Novel Polyurethanes Based on Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate: Synthesis, Characterization, and Formulation of Binders for Environmentally Responsible Rocket Propellants

Novel Polyurethanes Based on Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate: Synthesis, Characterization, and Formulation of Binders for Environmentally Responsible Rocket Propellants

Synthesis and properties of foams from a blend of vegetable oil based polyhydroxyurethane and epoxy resin

The Influence of Neem Oil and Its Glyceride on the Structure and Characterization of Castor Oil-Based Polyurethane Foam

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