Bio-Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Lepidium sativum and Their Potent Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities

Abstract

Nanotechnology is an emerging area of research that deals with the production, manipulation, and application of nanoscale materials. Bio-assisted synthesis is of particular interest nowadays, to overcome the limitations associated with the physical and chemical means. The aim of this study was to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) for the first time, utilizing the seed extract of Lepidium sativum. The synthesized NPs were confirmed through various spectroscopy and imagining techniques, such as XRD, FTIR, HPLC, and SEM. The characterized NPs were then examined for various in vitro biological assays. Crystalline, hexagonal-structured NPs with an average particle size of 25.6 nm were obtained. Biosynthesized ZnO NPs exhibited potent antioxidant activities, effective α-amylase inhibition, moderate urease inhibition (56%), high lipase-inhibition (71%) activities, moderate cytotoxic potential, and significant antibacterial activity. Gene expression of caspase in HepG2 cells was enhanced along with elevated production of ROS/RNS, while membrane integrity was disturbed upon the exposure of NPs. Overall results indicated that bio-assisted ZnO NPs exhibit excellent biological potential and could be exploited for future biomedical applications. particularly in antimicrobial and cancer therapeutics. Moreover, this is the first comprehensive study on Lepidium sativum-mediated synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and evaluation of their biological activities.

Insight into the Potential Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Scrolled Kaolinite Single Sheet (KNs) and Its Composite with ZnO Nanoparticles: Synergetic Studies

“…Surface modifications and hybridization of the synthetic ZnO particles by the different physical and chemical methods were suggested as enhancement techniques for their biocompatibility, biological activity, and genotoxicity in addition to their antibacterial and antioxidant properties [15,18,26]. The commonly used modification techniques are: (1) elemental doping of ZnO crystal structure, (2) integrating the ZnO particles in composites with other metal oxides, (3) supporting the synthetic ZnO particles into effective carriers or substrates, (4) integrating the synthetic ZnO particles in composites with biologically active biopolymers, and (5) synthesis of the ZnO grains in chemical complexes with the known active phytochemicals from the extracts of the plants [14,20,27,28].…”

Facile green synthesis of wasted hop-based zinc oxide nanozymes as peroxidase-like catalysts for colorimetric analysis

“…17 This coordination interaction may result in the reduction of metal ions while lupulon itself could undergo oxidation, leading to the formation of corresponding oxidation by-products. 8…”

“…17 This coordination interaction may result in the reduction of metal ions while lupulon itself could undergo oxidation, leading to the formation of corresponding oxidation by-products. 8 Scheme 1 also illustrates the proposed mechanism for the formation of WHE-ZnO NZs by WHE. In this mechanism, the labeled out phenolic hydroxy groups (in green) in lupulon are particularly significant in the synthesis of the NZs.…”

“…Furthermore, in some circumstances, improper use of these technologies can reduce the bioavailability of the product. 8 Therefore, developing ecologically friendly and cost-effective ways for synthesizing safe and non-toxic ZnO NPs using extracts from natural sources is critical.…”

The exogenous application of naringenin and rosmarinic acid modulates functional traits in Lepidium sativum

“…The best metal chelating ability was recorded in the combined group with 36.80 mg EDTAE/g, followed by RA (36.59 mg EDTAE/g), Nar (35.92 mg EDTAE/g) and the control (31.81 mg EDTAE/g). Although several studies have reported phosphomolybdenum (PMB) and metal chelating abilities of L. sativum, [47][48][49][50] there is no data on the effects of modulators on these abilities. After combining and analyzing all the results, it became clear that the modulators significantly improved the antioxidant ability of the root samples.…”