Bio-Active Pyridinium Salts: A Mini-Review on Properties and Selected Reactions

Abstract

Pyridium salts are very valuable compounds with various activities, especially biological, and therefore their preparation can be very useful in the synthesis of various compounds, such as drugs, dyes or surfactants. In this mini-review authors focused mostly on bioactive properties of pyridinium salts, and main preparations of these compounds such, synthesis pyridinium salts from pyrylium salts via nucleophilic substitution SN(ANRORC), obtaining pyridinium salts via directs arylation, and via Addition at Nitrogen atom, and the last method is synthesis of pyridinium salts via ring opening and re-cyclisation.

Choline Chloride-Based DES as Solvents/Catalysts/Chemical Donors in Pharmaceutical Synthesis

“…Nicotinamide is an important naturally occurring heterocycle, which belongs to group B vitamins. Quaternary derivatives of nicotinamide have attracted much attention because of their antimicrobial, fungicidal, and cytotoxic properties [ 58 ]. The most common strategy for quaternization of nicotinamide is the nucleophilic substitution between pyridine and substituted 2-bromoacetophenones, called the Menschutkin reaction [ 59 ].…”

Novel Synthetic Routes to Quaternary Pyridinium Salts and their Antifungal Activity

“…[15][16][17] Numerous reviews on quaternary pyridinium salts have described the synthetic pathways, reactivity, and importance of pyridinium compounds as antimicrobial, antimalarial, anticancer, and anticholinergic inhibitors. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Since the compounds are of huge importance to industry, various routes of their synthesis need to be considered. In today's world, where the chemical industry produces a lot of waste, it has never been more important that chemical processes be performed in a more environmentally friendly manner.…”