Bio 200C Assignment Bhumil Patel

Abstract

Review: Optimized FRET pairs and quantification approaches to detect the activation of Aurora kinase A at mitosis.In this manuscript, Bertolin et al. improve on their original Aurora Kinase A biosensor to produce a second generation that would help follow AURKA activation in regions where it is extremely low in concentration and undetectable with the original AURKA biosensor. The authors develop two independent strategies to improve on their previous work. First, they develop a single-color AURKA biosensor for multiplex FRET and second, a method to observe and quantify FRET efficiency in areas with very low AURKA abundance. The authors show that dark acceptors ShadowG and ShadowY allow for single-color FRET/FLIM measurements while first generation tandem GFP isn't suitable due to low concentration of AURKA. They also show the inability of the original construct to measure FRET by 2c-FCCS and thus develop a novel method by replacing the donor-acceptor pair with a mTurquoise2 and novel superYFP. The experiments allowed the authors to develop guidelines when making new FRET biosensors such as characterizing the nature of the protein and making sure the conformational changes of the protein fall within the Forster's radius of the donor-acceptor pair.The improvements to AURKA biosensors represent a novel way for studying the function of this kinase. While fluorescence anisotropy has been used in the past to study FRET in different kinases such as PKA, ERK, and cAMP, it has not been known to work with AURKA due to the nature of the protein and it's function. Also, given the fact that levels of AURKA is regulated throughout the cell cycle, the ability to detect it at low levels will help understand it's function in diverse contexts.

Water‐based polyurethane dispersions

“…Without the intention to be complete, which is beyond the scope of this mini-review merely focusing on the different classes of PUDs, we refer the reader for more information on air or oxidatively drying PUDs to the literature. [18][19][20][21] Table 1 presents typical characteristic properties of a water-based uralkyd dispersion neutralized by TEA and of a uralkyd dispersion neutralized by sodium hydroxide. It is obvious that the newly developed uralkyd emulsion is absolutely odourless and emits no volatile neutralizing amines, which from an environmental and health point of view is a tremendous advantage with respect to the TEA-neutralized systems.…”

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Heterocyclic Compounds from Salicylic Acid Hydrazide

“…5-Chloromethyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole 10 was prepared by condensation of acid hydrazide 2 with chloroacetic acid using phosphorous oxychloride as cyclising agent [51]. The most characteristic IR bands of 2-hydroxybenzohydrazide 2 appeared at 1597 for C¼C, 3270 cm À1 for NH 2 and NH, which disappeared in the spectrum of compound 10 with new bands that appeared at 1239 and 1626 cm À1 because of C-O-C and C¼N stretching vibrations, respectively.…”