Binodal Curves and Tie-Line Compositions for a Poly(ethylene glycol) 6000 + Lithium Citrate + Water Aqueous Two-Phase System and the Partitioning of Salbutamol Drug at T = 288.15–318.15 K

Abstract

The partitioning of salbutamol drug in a poly(ethylene glycol) 6000 + lithium citrate + water system was investigated at T = 288.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15 K. The binodal curves and tie-line compositions were determined at different temperatures, and the studied aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was used to study the partitioning of salbutamol drug. The results showed that the ability of the system for two-phase formation increases at higher temperatures. The good performance of the empirical Merchuk equation was obtained to model the binodal curves. The tie-line compositions were also fitted using the Setschenow-type equation and electrolyte Wilson models. Furthermore, the ability of the studied ATPSs for the extraction of salbutamol is shown based on the obtained partitioning parameters, and the partitioning coefficient was increased from the value of ∼0.48 at T = 288.15 K to ∼1.7 at T = 318.15 K. Overall, the studied ATPS can be employed to extract salbutamol from aqueous medium in a range of biological temperatures.

Liquid–Liquid–Liquid Aqueous Triple-Phase System Based on DES and Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphate

“…The constitutes of ATPS play an important role in its usage. Except for the classic polymer–polymer composition, − polymer-salt, − and salt–salt systems are gaining more attention recently. For example, a salt–salt system such as ion liquids (ILs)-based ATPS may contribute to the separation of samples from hydrophobic to hydrophilic component. − However, the preparation cost of ionic liquids is relatively high; some ionic liquids also have the problem of environmental pollution.…”

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium and Partitioning of Ciprofloxacin Drug in ATPSs Involve PVP10000 + Li2SO4 + Water: The Effect of Temperature and pH

“…Many polymer-salt ATPSs have been investigated; 13,14,24−26 however, in some cases, the effect of temperature has not been considered, and the ATPSs were studied at only one temperature. 12 For the polymeric phases in ATPSs, several polymers with a variety of molecular masses have been used, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), 12,25,27,28 polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGDME), 24,29 and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). 13,30,31 Stability, being low-cost, and water solubility are the properties that make PVP an appropriate choice to make ATPSs for the extraction, separation, and purification of biomolecules.…”

“…13,30,31 Stability, being low-cost, and water solubility are the properties that make PVP an appropriate choice to make ATPSs for the extraction, separation, and purification of biomolecules. 32 In addition, to make ATPSs, different salts such as phosphates, 12,21,33 nitrates, 34,35 carbonates, 21,36 citrates, 14,24,25 and sulfates 37−41 have been used. For example, ATPS containing PEG 6000 and different concentrations of ammonium sulfate salt have been used recently to remove the protease from lipase.…”

Improvement effect of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene on the performance of the PEG/salt aqueous two-phase system

“…Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) have potential in the field of extracting and purifying biomolecules due to their advantages of low interface tension, fast phase separation, low cost, and environmental friendliness. [1][2][3][4] However, to date, the application of the most common ATPSs, consisting of a polymer and a salt, is still limited because of the restricted difference in polarities between the two phases. 5 Recently, adjuvants including hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), 6,7 dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium (AOT), 8 ionic liquids, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and acetonitrile 16 were introduced into polymer/salt ATPSs to enhance the ATPS performance.…”

“…Correlation parameters a, b, and c and correlation coefficients (R 2 ) for the binodal data using eqn(1) …”