Binge eating: A theoretical review

Wardle, Jane; Beinart, Helen

doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00503.x

Cited by 135 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…that such a quest seems to require (Garfinkel & Garner, 1982;Garner, Garfinkel, & Olmsted, 1983;Polivy, Garner, & Garfinkel, 1981, 1986Wooley, 1987;Wooley & Wooley, 1982). Similarly, bulimia (Polivy & Herman, 1985;Polivy, Herman, Olmsted, & Jazwinski, 1984;Streigel-Moore, Silberstein, & Rodin, 1986;Wardle & Beinart, 1981;Wooley, 1987) and obesity (Orbach, 1978;Polivy & Herman, 1983;Wooley & Wooley, 1982) have been paradoxically linked to attempts to lose weight through dieting. It thus appears that dieting may be linked to all of the major eating disorders.…”

Section: Dieting and Eating Disorders: Continuum Or Discontinuity?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, some apparent symptoms of anorexia nervosa and bulimia have been identified in normal dieters. Binge eating and self-induced vomiting have been reported in extreme dieters who do not show any other indications of psychopathology (Thompson & Schwartz, 1982;Wardle, 1980;Wardle & Beinart, 1981).…”

Section: Dieting and Eating Disorders: Continuum Or Discontinuity?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis and treatment of normal eating.

Polivy¹,

Herman²

1987

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

333

200

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The shift in societal preference toward a thin physique has led to an increasing prevalence of dieting such that "normal" eating for North American women is now characterized by dieting. In this article, we explore similarities between such normal dieters and individuals with an eating disorder and question whether a continuity exists between normal and abnormal eating behavior. The regulation of intake among normal dieter and patient populations is compared and is explained by the boundary model of consumption, which leads to the conclusion that in neither group is eating technically disordered, although it does depart from appropriate physiological norms. We conclude that many normal eaters (i.e., dieters or restrained eaters) display characteristics of eating-disorder pathologies and should be treated accordingly. Such treatment involves changing both the patient and the environment, especially societal attitudes toward body weight and shape.The current societal preference for a thin physique has spawned a corresponding societal preoccupation with dieting and weight loss. The extent of this preoccupation is such that it may now be accurate to regard dieting and its attendant diet mentality as normative, both descriptively and prescriptively. In short, it is now "normal" for individuals in our society to express concern about their weight and to engage in fitful attempts to change it. A normal lifestyle now requires periodic exercise; normal eating now requires periodic dieting.Why is a thin physique prized, especially among women? Answers to this question typically refer to historical variation in the sort of physique that is most highly valued. In former times, endomorphy was preferred, as is evidenced by the inevitably referenced Rubenesque nude. Nowadays, women are induced to strive toward a condition of ruddy-cheeked emaciation. Describing this historical shift does not account for it, of course, and the explanations usually tendered are both easy to produce and difficult to prove. Their validity aside, these explanations tend to fall into three classes: The first class focuses on the aesthetics of physique, with thin women seen as more beautiful and, consequently, of greater sexual allure; the second class emphasizes the implicit personality correlates of various physiques, with thinness connoting power, health, and other contemporary values; and the third class infers behaviors from the physique itself, with thinness reflecting the sort of self-control that is presumably required to achieve and maintain slenderness.Whatever its true cause, the recent shift in societal preference toward a thin physique has been well-documented (DeJong &

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Section: Dieting and Eating Disorders: Continuum Or Discontinuity?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dieting and Eating Disorders: Continuum Or Discontinuity?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and treatment of normal eating.

Polivy¹,

Herman²

1987

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

333

200

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…18 In women, distortion of body size perception can be associated with disordered eating. 19 However, it is not known, whether perception of weight status, influences physical and mental aspects of QoL. In addition, dieting behaviour is ubiquitous 13 and known to cause psychological harm 20 and eating disorders in specific sub-populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, dieting behaviour is ubiquitous 13 and known to cause psychological harm 20 and eating disorders in specific sub-populations. 19 As a consequence of dieting many individuals experience cycles of weight gain and weight loss which may be both physically and psychologically harmful. It is therefore also of interest to quantify the effect of dieting and a history of repeated weight loss associated with an impairment in either physical or mental QoL in the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between quality of life and perceived body weight and dieting history in Dutch men and women

2001

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OBJECTIVES: (1) To study the relationship between quality of life (QoL) and measured and perceived weight and dieting history in Dutch men and women; (2) to assess the effect of weight loss over a 5 y period on QoL. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study, in a sub-sample longitudinal over 5 y. SUBJECTS: A total of 2155 men and 2446 women, aged 20-59 and recruited from the general population from three towns in The Netherlands. MEASUREMENTS: Body weight, height, self-administered questionnaire including questions concerning demographic variables and weight loss practices as part of the Dutch Monitoring project on Risk Factors for Chronic Disease (MORGEN). The Rand-36 questionnaire was used as the QoL measure. RESULTS: In men, measured overweight (body mass index, BMI>25 kg=m 2 ) was not associated with any dimension of QoL after adjustment for age, educational level and perceived overweight. Perceived overweight was related to reduced scores for general health and vitality. This relationship was independent of measured obesity. A history of repeated weight loss was associated with reduced scores for role functioning due to both physical and emotional problems. In women, measured overweight was significantly associated with lower scores for five out of eight QoL dimensions and perceived overweight with three: general health, vitality and physical functioning. A history of frequent weight loss was related to significantly reduced scores in six dimensions. However, only with history of frequent weight loss, and uniquely in women, was there a significant reduction in scores on mental health and limited emotional role functioning. Measured and perceived overweight and frequent weight loss were all related to reduced scores for physical functioning. Longitudinal data indicate that in older women weight gain of 10% body weight or more was associated with a significant deterioration in QoL. CONCLUSIONS: When looking at measures of QoL in relation to overweight it is important to separate the effects of perception of weight status and history of weight loss. We observed that the latter two factors were associated with reduced scores on several dimensions of QoL, particularly in women. These associations were observed to be independent of body weight.

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“…This phenomenon has been termed`counterregulation', 9 and is considered an experimental analogue of binge eating. 10 A close relationship seems to exist among restrained eating, binge eating, weight cycling and weight gain. 11 ± 14 In fact, between one quarter and half of obese persons binge eat, 15,16 and obese binge-eaters usually show lower levels of restrained eating than obese persons who are not binge-eaters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between dietary restraint, binge eating, and leptin in obese women

D’Amore

Massignan

Montera³

et al. 2001

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE: To describe some biological, behavioural and psychological correlates of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, and to determine the relationship between dietary restraint, binge eating, and leptin among obese women seeking treatment. DESIGN: Consecutive series of obese women enrolled in a clinical program for weight reduction treatment. SUBJECTS: Forty-two obese women. Eight participants met the criteria for`severe binge eating' as measured by the Binge Eating Scale. MEASUREMENTS: Energy intake, resting energy expenditure, body composition, leptin, restraint, disinhibition, hunger and binge eating were assessed before starting the treatment. RESULTS: In this sample both higher disinhibition and hunger scores were associated with greater binge eating severity. Obese women with severe binge eating had lower restraint, higher disinhibition and hunger scores, as well as higher daily fat intake, when compared with obese non-binge-eaters. Interestingly, restraint scores were negatively associated with leptin levels among subjects with severe binge eating. CONCLUSION: In obese women with severe binge eating, the negative relationship between dietary restraint and serum leptin concentrations seems mediated by a greater fat intake. These ®ndings need to be veri®ed in further human studies.

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Binge eating: A theoretical review

Cited by 135 publications

References 26 publications

Diagnosis and treatment of normal eating.

Diagnosis and treatment of normal eating.

The relationship between quality of life and perceived body weight and dieting history in Dutch men and women

Relationship between dietary restraint, binge eating, and leptin in obese women

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