Binding of synthetic oligosaccharides to the hepatic Gal/GalNAc lectin. Dependence on fine structural features.

Lee, Y C; Townsend, R. Reid; Hardy, Mark R.; Lōnngren, Jörgen; Arnarp, Jan; Haraldsson, Martin; Lönn, Hans

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33240-x

Cited by 478 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Increasing the number of carbohydrates that simultaneously bind to several receptor subunits exponentially elevates avidity (the cluster glycoside effect) 45 . The carbohydrates' spatial arrangement and the sugar moieties are crucial for specific and efficient ASGPR binding 46 . Of note, ASGPR has a higher (up to 100-fold) affinity for GalNAc as compared to galactose.…”

Section: Galnac−sirna Conjugatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The current landscape of nucleic acid therapeutics

et al. 2021

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Section: Galnac−sirna Conjugatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The current landscape of nucleic acid therapeutics

et al. 2021

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“…Carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions are important in specific recognition between cells (Eggens et al 1989; Kojima et al 1994), especially during embryogenesis and organogenesis (Knowles et al 1980). Carbohydrate recognition requires a high density or “clustering” of molecules (Connolly et al 1982; Lee et al 1983). In ES cell compaction, cell-cell contacts are maximal, suggesting strong cell adhesion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution and Initial Changes of SSEA-1 and Other Cell Adhesion-related Molecules on Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Before and During Differentiation

Cui

Johkura

Yue

et al. 2004

J Histochem Cytochem.

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S U M M A R YWe examined the distribution of cell adhesion-related molecules (CAMs) among mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and the spatial distribution on cell surfaces before and during differentiation. The cell-cell heterogeneity of SSEA-1, PECAM-1, and ICAM-1 among the undifferentiated cells in the ES cell colonies was evident by immunohistochemistry and immuno-SEM, supporting the flow cytometry findings. In contrast, most undifferentiated ES cells strongly expressed CD9. SSEA-1 was located preferentially on the edge of low protuberances and microvilli and formed clusters or linear arrays of 3-20 particles. PECAM-1 and ICAM-1 were randomly localized on the free cell surfaces, whereas CD9 was preferentially localized on the microvilli or protuberances, especially in the cell periphery. Both the SSEA-1 ϩ fraction and the SSEA-1 Ϫ fraction of magnetic cell sorting (MACS) formed undifferentiated colonies after plating. Flow cytometry showed that these populations reverted separately again to a culture with a mixed phenotype. Differentiation induced by retinoic acid downregulated the expression of all CAMs. Immuno-SEM showed decreases of SSEA-1 in the differentiated ES cells, although some clustering still remained. Our findings help to elucidate the significance of these molecules in ES cell maintenance and differentiation and suggest that cell surface antigens may be useful for defining the phenotype of undifferentiated and differentiated ES cells.

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“…The strong binding affinity of monomeric GalNAc with ASPGR is in the micromolar range, and the avidity of the interaction can be enhanced by 10 3 to 10 5 , depending on the number and spacing of GalNAc units (Lee and Lee 2000). Specifically, the structure of ASPGR was found to optimally bind three divergent GalNAc residues (Lee and Lee 2000) spaced from a common branch point by 14-20 Å and separated from each other by 15-20 Å (Lee et al, 1983;Khorev et al, 2008).…”

Section: Multivalent Interactions Facilitate Cellular Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Mimicry as a Design Template for Nucleic Acid Nanocarriers

et al. 2021

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Therapeutic nucleic acids hold immense potential in combating undruggable, gene-based diseases owing to their high programmability and relative ease of synthesis. While the delivery of this class of therapeutics has successfully entered the clinical setting, extrahepatic targeting, endosomal escape efficiency, and subcellular localization. On the other hand, viruses serve as natural carriers of nucleic acids and have acquired a plethora of structures and mechanisms that confer remarkable transfection efficiency. Thus, understanding the structure and mechanism of viruses can guide the design of synthetic nucleic acid vectors. This review revisits relevant structural and mechanistic features of viruses as design considerations for efficient nucleic acid delivery systems. This article explores how viral ligand display and a metastable structure are central to the molecular mechanisms of attachment, entry, and viral genome release. For comparison, accounted for are details on the design and intracellular fate of existing nucleic acid carriers and nanostructures that share similar and essential features to viruses. The review, thus, highlights unifying themes of viruses and nucleic acid delivery systems such as genome protection, target specificity, and controlled release. Sophisticated viral mechanisms that are yet to be exploited in oligonucleotide delivery are also identified as they could further the development of next-generation nonviral nucleic acid vectors.

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Binding of synthetic oligosaccharides to the hepatic Gal/GalNAc lectin. Dependence on fine structural features.

Cited by 478 publications

References 23 publications

The current landscape of nucleic acid therapeutics

The current landscape of nucleic acid therapeutics

Spatial Distribution and Initial Changes of SSEA-1 and Other Cell Adhesion-related Molecules on Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Before and During Differentiation

Viral Mimicry as a Design Template for Nucleic Acid Nanocarriers

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