Binding of heavy metal ions by formaldehyde‐polymerized peanut skins

Randall, John M.; Hautala, E.; McDonald, Gary M.

doi:10.1002/app.1978.070220207

Cited by 101 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…The relative enrichment of these elements in the testa of peanut seeds might be attributed to the metalbinding ability of tannins which are rich in the testa of peanut seeds. 29,30 At the same time, the REF values were close to or over 2 for Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn Ga, Sr, Mo, Cd, and Ba in the embryonic axis of the peanut seeds grown in China, and Fe, Zn, Mo in the embryonic axis of the peanut seeds grown in Japan.…”

Section: Relative Enrichment Factor Of the Elements In The Cotyledonmentioning

confidence: 63%

Distribution of the Elements in Cotyledon, Embryonic Axis, and Testa of Peanut Seeds Obtained by ICP-MS with Microwave Acid Digestion

2013

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Eighteen elements in the cotyledon, the embryonic axis, and the testa of peanut seeds were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave acid digestion, while the gravimetric standard addition with internal standard was applied for the calibration of the elemental concentrations. The detection limit and the procedure blank value for each element were low enough to ensure the precise analysis of the elements, with a relative expanded uncertainty of less than 5%. The concentrations of the elements in peanut seed samples covered 6 orders of magnitude from approximately 0.01 mg kg -1 of Co to approximately 7000 mg kg -1 of K. The correlation coefficient factor was around 0.98 for the elemental concentrations in peanut seeds grown in Japan and those grown in China, indicating a good correlation. Most of the elements distributed in the cotyledon in large amounts because of the cotyledon's relatively high mass fraction. By contrast, Na, Ca, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Sr, Cd, and Ba were apparently enriched in the testa and the relative enrichment factor (REF) values of the elements were over 4. The relative enrichment of Mo, Fe, Zn and other elements was observed in the embryonic axis samples with REF values over 2. The relative enrichment of Cd in the testa of peanut seed indicates that about 15 to 25% of the Cd intake through peanut seeds could be effectively lowered by removal of the testa (roughly 2.5 to 3.5% of the peanut seed).

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Section: Relative Enrichment Factor Of the Elements In The Cotyledonmentioning

confidence: 63%

Distribution of the Elements in Cotyledon, Embryonic Axis, and Testa of Peanut Seeds Obtained by ICP-MS with Microwave Acid Digestion

2013

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“…Generally, sorption capacity of crude agricultural by-products is low. For improving the sorption capacity of crude agricultural by-products, chemical modification was used (Randall et al, 1978;Okieimen and Okundaye, 1989;Laszlo and Dintzis, 1994;Sˇimkovic and Laszlo, 1997;Sˇimkovic, 1999;Sun et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical esterifying citric acid onto lignocellulose for enhancing methylene blue sorption capacity of rice straw

Gong

Zhong

et al. 2008

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…The fast-phase sorption may be explained as the passive uptake through physical adsorption, or the biosorbent surface ion exchange (Ting,1989). Since the adsorption phenomenon characteristically tends to attain instantaneous equilibrium (Bajpai,1998) and many agricultural wastes act as natural ion exchange agents (Randall, et al,1978). It is also relevant to point out that since active sorption sites in a system is a fixed number and each active site can adsorb only one ion in a monolayer (Langmuir,1918), the metal uptake by the sorbent surface will be rapid initially, slowing down as the competition for decreasing availability of active sites intensifies by the metal ions remaining in solution.…”

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confidence: 99%

Removal of lead from aqueous solution using low cost abundantly available adsorbents

Abdel‐Ghani

Hefny

El-Chaghaby

2007

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

250

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ABSTRACT:The removal of poisonous Pb (II) from wastewater by different low-cost abundant adsorbents was investigated. Rice husks, maize cobs and sawdust, were used at different adsorbent/metal ion ratios. The influence of pH, contact time, metal concentration, adsorbent concentration on the selectivity and sensitivity of the removal process was investigated. The adsorption efficiencies were found to be pH dependent, increasing by increasing the solution pH in the range from 2.5 to 6.5. The equilibrium time was attained after 120 min and the maximum removal percentage was achieved at an adsorbent loading weight of 1.5 gm. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of adsorbents used for lead were measured and extrapolated using linear Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms and the experimental data were found to fit the Temkin isotherm model. Low-cost adsorbents, lead, adsorption, wastewater, Isotherms Key words: MATERIALS AND METHODSRice husk and maize cobs were collected from agricultural areas and sawdust was collected from a carpenter working shop. The adsorbent materials were washed, cut into small pieces then oven dried at 80 o C for 72 h and finally were grinded to suitable size. The untreated materials were used as adsorbents in the bench-scale studies. In each experiment, a 50 mL of the metal ion solution were mixed with a definite amount of the adsorbent. The mixture of the test solution and each of the adsorbents was shaken on a reciprocating shaker at 225 rpm. At the end of each experiment, adsorbents were separated from the solution and the remaining lead concentration was analyzed using a Perkin-Elmer Optima 2000 Inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). The adsorption experiments were carried out at room temperature. The pH of the suspension in the experiments was adjusted with Sodium hydroxide and HCl. IR analysis of the used adsorbents was performed using FTIR-8201PC (Shimadzu). RESULTSThe main parameters influencing metal sorption were investigated: contact time, initial metal ion N. T. Abdel-Ghani, et al. T % 1/cm 68 concentration,amount of adsorbent and pH value of solution. The results were expressed as the removal efficiency (E) of the adsorbent towards metal ions or the % removal, which was defined as:Where: C o and C f are the initial and equilibrium concentration (ppm) of metal ions in solution, respectively. IR-characterization of the adsorbentsIn order to gain better insight into the surface functional groups available on the surface of the different investigated adsorbents, their IR spectra were recorded as shown in Figs. 1-3. Rice husk IR spectrum (Fig. 1) showed four intense bands, at 3379.1, 2920, 1604 and 1076.2 cm -1 . The band at 3379.1 cm -1 was attributed to the surface hydroxyl groups and chemisorbed water. The bands at 2920 and 2850.6 were assigned to C-H stretches of methylene groups on the surface and to chelated H-bridges. Bands at 1604 and 1076.2 cm -1 can be assigned to C=O stretching frequencies, and to phosphate and silicate groups, respectively. Small peaks observed at...

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Binding of heavy metal ions by formaldehyde‐polymerized peanut skins

Cited by 101 publications

References 5 publications

Distribution of the Elements in Cotyledon, Embryonic Axis, and Testa of Peanut Seeds Obtained by ICP-MS with Microwave Acid Digestion

Distribution of the Elements in Cotyledon, Embryonic Axis, and Testa of Peanut Seeds Obtained by ICP-MS with Microwave Acid Digestion

Thermochemical esterifying citric acid onto lignocellulose for enhancing methylene blue sorption capacity of rice straw

Removal of lead from aqueous solution using low cost abundantly available adsorbents

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