Binaural Rendering with Measured Room Responses: First-Order Ambisonic Microphone vs. Dummy Head

Zaunschirm, Markus; Frank, Matthias; Zotter, Franz

doi:10.3390/app10051631

Cited by 21 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Other approaches employ the spatial decomposition method (SDM) [23,24] or a parametric time-frequency domain decomposition [25,26] of B-format microphone signals and assign a Direction of Arrival to those impulse response components that were found to be directional in the decomposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of head-tracked binaural auralizations of speech signals generated with a virtual artificial head in anechoic and classroom environments

et al. 2021

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In order to realize binaural auralizations with head tracking, BRIRs of individual listeners are needed for different head orientations. In this contribution, a filter-and-sum beamformer, referred to as virtual artificial head (VAH), was used to synthesize the BRIRs. To this end, room impulse responses were first measured with a VAH, using a planar microphone array with 24 microphones, for one fixed orientation, in an anechoic and a reverberant room. Then, individual spectral weights for 185 orientations of the listener’s head were calculated with different parameter sets. Parameters included the number and the direction of the sources considered in the calculation of spectral weights as well as the required minimum mean white noise gain (WNGm). For both acoustical environments, the quality of the resulting synthesized BRIRs was assessed perceptually in head-tracked auralizations, in direct comparison to real loudspeaker playback in the room. Results showed that both rooms could be auralized with the VAH for speech signals in a perceptually convincing manner, by employing spectral weights calculated with 72 source directions from the horizontal plane. In addition, low resulting WNGm values should be avoided. Furthermore, in the dynamic binaural auralization with speech signals in this study, individual BRIRs seemed to offer no advantage over non-individual BRIRs, confirming previous results that were obtained with simulated BRIRs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of head-tracked binaural auralizations of speech signals generated with a virtual artificial head in anechoic and classroom environments

et al. 2021

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“…The VR system needed the stereo realistic sound generation method for the immersive effect by the multi-channel audio signals since the VR system used the stereo headphone for the delivery of the VR sound. The VR system adopted the conventional binaural rendering for generating the stereo realistic sound [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The binaural rendering is a technology that generates the stereo realistic audio sound with the multichannel audio effect for stereo headphone environment using HRTF coefficients to characterize all signal paths from speakers to human ears [1].…”

Section: A Binaural Rendering For Vrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Plane based Realistic Sound Generation for Free Movement in Virtual Reality

Kim¹

2021

IJACSA

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“…The subscript {Á} BP denotes zero-phase bandpass filtering between 200 Hz and 3 kHz and F av {Á} is a zero-phase averaging filter over 10 samples at sampling rate f s = 44.1 kHz, cf. [40]. This DOA estimation is also applicable to higher-order ARIRs by neglecting the channels of the order n !…”

Section: Directional Enhancement Of First-order Arirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auralization based on multi-perspective ambisonic room impulse responses

Müller

Zotter

2020

Acta Acust.

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Most often, virtual acoustic rendering employs real-time updated room acoustic simulations to accomplish auralization for a variable listener perspective. As an alternative, we propose and test a technique to interpolate room impulse responses, specifically Ambisonic room impulse responses (ARIRs) available at a grid of spatially distributed receiver perspectives, measured or simulated in a desired acoustic environment. In particular, we extrapolate a triplet of neighboring ARIRs to the variable listener perspective, preceding their linear interpolation. The extrapolation is achieved by decomposing each ARIR into localized sound events and re-assigning their direction, time, and level to what could be observed at the listener perspective, with as much temporal, directional, and perspective context as possible. We propose to undertake this decomposition in two levels: Peaks in the early ARIRs are decomposed into jointly localized sound events, based on time differences of arrival observed in either an ARIR triplet, or all ARIRs observing the direct sound. Sound events that could not be jointly localized are treated as residuals whose less precise localization utilizes direction-of-arrival detection and the estimated time of arrival. For the interpolated rendering, suitable parameter settings are found by evaluating the proposed method in a listening experiment, using both measured and simulated ARIR data sets, under static and time-varying conditions.

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Binaural Rendering with Measured Room Responses: First-Order Ambisonic Microphone vs. Dummy Head

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of head-tracked binaural auralizations of speech signals generated with a virtual artificial head in anechoic and classroom environments

Evaluation of head-tracked binaural auralizations of speech signals generated with a virtual artificial head in anechoic and classroom environments

Complex Plane based Realistic Sound Generation for Free Movement in Virtual Reality

Auralization based on multi-perspective ambisonic room impulse responses

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