Binary Blends Versus Ternary Blends in Steam Cogasification by Means of TGA–MS: Reactivity and H₂/CO Ratio

Abstract

Cogasification of olive pomace, almond shell, and petcoke was carried out by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry. Binary and ternary blends were compared in terms of their reactivity, outlet-gas emissions, H2/CO ratios of effluents, and synergistic effect. Synergistic and antagonistic effects were observed with cogasification of blends, but that depended on the ratios of raw materials in the feed. In this regard, the higher the biomass content, the greater the weight loss, the higher the decomposition rate and, thus, the higher the gasification reactivity. Moreover, the synergistic effect on the gasification of the raw materials did not show a clear trend in gas emissions. In general, the higher the biomass content, the greater the H2 and CO2 yields, and the less CO was released. On comparing binary and ternary blends, it was seen that the former presented better results in most parameters studied.

Catalytic effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals on fast pyrolysis pre‐treatment of agricultural waste

“…Phenols are among the most important products from lignin decomposition 37 . These compounds represented a high proportion of the products for all feedstocks, except in the PS sample.…”

“…Acetic acid was therefore obtained in a high proportion in AS, due to the high hemicellulose content in this biomass. Moreover, it is well known that the presence of K increases selectivity in acetic acid and decreases production of other acids 32,37 …”

“…Moreover, adding NaCl supposedly enhances lignin decomposition. The catalytic effect of Na promotes intermolecular and intramolecular dehydration, protonation, and aromatization reactions, which, in principle, would form more phenolic compounds 14,37 . Moreover, Na interacts with ring oxygen atoms and promotes ring opening / closing, isomerization, decarboxylation, and dehydration reactions, and hence destruction of sugar ring structures 39 .…”

Olive Waste Valorization Through TGA-MS Gasification: A Diatomaceous Earth Effect

“…This shoulder was steeper for the olive stone, which can be linked to a higher hemicellulose content. 29 In the second stage, the maximum weight loss rate was obtained around 400 °C for both biomasses due to cellulose decomposition. At this stage, olive stone and olive pomace presented similar weight losses, which can reveal similar cellulose content.…”

“…At this stage, olive stone and olive pomace presented similar weight losses, which can reveal similar cellulose content. 29 Finally, this highest weight loss was followed by a tail, which was ascribed to lignin decomposition, which leads to char formation (third stage). As can be seen, the char yields were similar for both, thus, the lignin content was similar.…”