Catalytic effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals on fast pyrolysis pre‐treatment of agricultural waste

Alcazar-Ruiz, A.; Sánchez-Silva, L.; Dorado, Fernando

doi:10.1002/bbb.2253

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The observed trends in the variation of bio‐oil yield and its individual lignocellulosic derived constituents from the pyrolysis of PJ doped biomass were comparable with the results reported by other researchers 8,20,21 . However, dry impregnation of AAEM salts has a few advantages over the wet impregnation technique.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The observed trends in the variation of bio-oil yield and its individual lignocellulosic derived constituents from the pyrolysis of PJ doped biomass were comparable with the results reported by other researchers. 8,20,21 However, dry impregnation of AAEM salts has a few advantages over the wet impregnation technique. The acid treatment of biomass to demineralize biomass in the wet impregnation technique has been reported to have very high K and Mg removal efficiencies from the biomass matrices.…”

Section: Dry and Wet Impregnation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of different salts of alkali and alkaline earth metals on the pyrolysis of Prosopis juliflora

Saynik

Moholkar

2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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This study explores the effect of acetate, oxide and chloride salts of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) on the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Prosopis juliflora samples were infused using 2% acetate and chloride salts of potassium (CH 3 COOK, KCl) and the oxide and chloride salts of magnesium (MgO, MgCl 2 ). Dry impregnation technique was employed for the infusion of salts into the biomass matrix. The AAEM salt-infused biomass was pyrolyzed using a semi-batch pyrolysis reactor, and the bio-oils were characterized for variation in chemical composition using gas chromatographymass spectroscopy. The AAEM salts significantly influenced the pyrolysis process by catalyzing different degradation pathways. Potassium salts catalyzed the ring fission reactions of carbohydrates, resulting in an increase in carboxylic acid yield. On the other hand, magnesium salts promoted the cyclization of the fragmented radicals of the ring fission, resulting in enhanced furan and cycloketone yield. AAEM salts were most effective in catalyzing carbohydrate degradation pathways over the lignin degradation reactions owing to their ability to easily influence polysaccharide C-C bond cleavage over those of lignin aromatic rings. This study also revealed that the anions of AAEM salts also play a major role in biomass pyrolysis.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Dry and Wet Impregnation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of different salts of alkali and alkaline earth metals on the pyrolysis of Prosopis juliflora

Saynik

Moholkar

2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…FTIR spectra obtained for SANPs are illustrated in Figure b. The peak at 1250 cm –1 is typically linked to C–O stretching vibrations in esters, carboxylic acids, and phenols . The peak at 1050 cm –1 is associated with C–O stretching vibrations in ethers, alcohols, and esters and C–N stretching vibrations in amines and amides .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The peak at 1250 cm −1 is typically linked to C−O stretching vibrations in esters, carboxylic acids, and phenols. 31 The peak at 1050 cm −1 is associated with C−O stretching vibrations in ethers, alcohols, and esters and C−N stretching vibrations in amines and amides. 32 The peak at 1430 cm −1 can be attributed to C− H bending vibrations in alkanes and methyl groups.…”

Section: Powder X-ray Diffraction (Pxrd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing the Waste-to-Wealth Potential of Saraca asoca Plant-Derived Nanoparticles for the Sustainable Removal of Cationic Dyes through Regenerative Adsorption

Kumar Gupta,

Borah,

Gupta

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This study showcases the successful synthesis of Saraca asoca nanoparticles (SANPs) and their efficacy as adsorbents for a range of cationic dyes, namely, malachite green (MG), methylene blue (MB), and crystal violet (CV). SANPs have been characterized through techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirms the different oxidation states of elements, including carbon, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, silicon, and oxygen. Using the Debye–Scherrer equation, the average crystallite size has been estimated to be 27 nm. Synthesized SANPs illustrate highly effective adsorption toward MB, CV, and MG, demonstrating maximum adsorption efficiencies 495, 404, and 943 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism follows the pseudo-second-order reaction, and the Langmuir isotherm indicating adsorption follows chemisorption and monolayer formation. Besides this, the high efficiency may be due to the combined effect of diffusion and adsorption. To confirm practical viability and feasibility, SANPs encapsulated within alginate beads were developed that also exhibited a high MG removal efficiency with significant regenerative ability for multiple consecutive cycles. SANPs and their alginate-encapsulated beads, therefore, align with current sustainable development goals.

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“…Although pyrolysis can tolerate a wider array of feedstock types and contaminants, it is possible that these contaminants can negatively affect conversion yields. For example, MSW may contain large amounts of alkali metals, which can cause cracking reactions that result in a higher yield of gaseous products and a lower yield of liquid oil products (Wang et al, 2015;Alcazar-Ruiz et al, 2021). This is the first study to investigate the effect of decontamination methods to increase conversion yields of MSW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decontamination of Mixed Paper and Plastic Municipal Solid Waste Increases Low and High Temperature Conversion Yields

et al. 2022

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With the implementation of China’s Green Fence Policy and the following National Sword Policy, there is a need to divert previously accepted waste materials away from the landfill. Mixed plastic and paper wastes that are too contaminated to be economically recycled can be used for conversion into fuels and products. The effect of common contaminants present in waste streams must be determined to make municipal solid waste (MSW) a viable alternative to agricultural feedstocks for conversion. In this study, MSW was sourced from a dual stream materials recovery facility (MRF) in Emmet County, Michigan and characterized via mass balance. The most common contaminants in mixed paper and plastic were quantified and targeted for decontamination when mixed paper was explored for low temperature conversion pathways and plastics for high temperature conversion pathways. Ink, stickies, and plastic contamination were sorted out of the mixed paper stream and did not have an impact on sugar yields during enzymatic hydrolysis (EH). Although no improvement in yield was found, it was noted that copy paper within the mixed paper stream had an elevated pH and higher concentration of fermentation inhibitors, suggesting that intrinsic properties of some paper types may not be ideal for EH and fermentation conversion. Dilute alkaline pretreatment and mechanical refining of mixed paper increased the EH yield of mixed paper, suggesting this previously established process could be used as a decontamination method. “Dirt” and particulates were washed from mixed plastic using either an aqueous detergent or a non-aqueous chemical washing method. Liquid oil yields were increased during microwave assisted fast pyrolysis. All decontamination techniques met the cost target of less than $30/dry ton with plastic decontamination ranging from $18.16 to $24.81/dry ton. Because dilute alkaline pre-treatment and mechanical refining is considered part of the conversion process, the decontamination cost during feedstock preprocessing was considered $0/dry ton.

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Catalytic effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals on fast pyrolysis pre‐treatment of agricultural waste

Cited by 20 publications

References 41 publications

Influence of different salts of alkali and alkaline earth metals on the pyrolysis of Prosopis juliflora

Influence of different salts of alkali and alkaline earth metals on the pyrolysis of Prosopis juliflora

Harnessing the Waste-to-Wealth Potential of Saraca asoca Plant-Derived Nanoparticles for the Sustainable Removal of Cationic Dyes through Regenerative Adsorption

Decontamination of Mixed Paper and Plastic Municipal Solid Waste Increases Low and High Temperature Conversion Yields

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