Bimodal highly ordered mesostructure carbon with high activity for Br2/Br− redox couple in bromine based batteries

Wang, Chenhui; Li, Xianfeng; Xi, Xiaoli; Zhou, Wei; Lai, Qinzhi; Zhang, Huamin

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.01.015

Cited by 89 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…[42], the diffusivity of redox species in pores with diameter of 5 nm is 100 times higher than that in pores with diameter of 2 nm. If we assume that pores that have diameters larger than 5 nm can provide the effective surface area for the redox reactions, the effective surface areas of DPCE-0.5, DPCE-1, DPCE-2, CP-a, CP-p should be 12.80 m 2 g À1 , 14.52 m 2 g À1 , 15.32 m 2 g À1 , 6.21 m 2 g À1 and 1.04 m 2 g À1 , respectively.…”

Section: Electrode Design Fabrication and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 88%

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A high-performance dual-scale porous electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries

Zhou

Zeng

Zhu

et al. 2016

Journal of Power Sources

170

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Section: Electrode Design Fabrication and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…More importantly, as shown in Fig. 4b, pore sizes of the created pores in DPCEs usually range from 5 to 12 nm, which are beneficial for the electrochemical reactions due to the reason that pores with pore size of around 5 nm can enable fast diffusion of active species [42].…”

Section: Electrode Design Fabrication and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-performance dual-scale porous electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries

Zhou

Zeng

Zhu

et al. 2016

Journal of Power Sources

170

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“…Additionally, the electrocatalytic activity of the plate electrodes toward redox couples is relatively low, and the plate structure of the electrodes results in a high concentration polarization, which in turn leads to the battery working at a low current density. Accordingly, the porous electrodes, and porous carbon electrodes in particular, are increasingly receiving attention on account of their high electrocatalytic activity, high stability, and wide operation potential range …”

Section: Advanced Materials For Zinc‐based Flow Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Materials for Zinc‐Based Flow Battery: Development and Challenge

et al. 2019

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stability and efficiency of the electric grid to portable electronic devices as well as supplying backup power in districts with limited grid connectivity or in off-grid applications, [4][5][6][7] are an effective approach to address these issues.Among the numerous electrochemical energy storage techniques, flow batteries (FBs) are well suited for energy storage because of their perfect combination of high safety, high efficiency and flexibility. [8][9][10] A flow battery realizes the transformation of chemical energy into electric energy through the oxidation and reduction reactions of redox couples stored in electrolytes that typically circulate through the anode and cathode, which are normally separated by an ionconducting membrane. [11] Compared with other battery systems such as lithium-based batteries and lead-based batteries, the power of a flow battery is determined by the size and number of cell stacks, while the energy or capacity of the battery depends on the concentration and the volume of the redox couples in the electrolytes. [12] Hence, the power and energy or capacity of a flow battery can be designed independently, [13] allowing the power of a flow battery to range from the 100 kW to the 100 MW level and the energy of a flow battery to range from the 100 kWh to the 100 MWh level. [14] Normally, the electrolyte of a flow battery consists of an aqueous solution, which endows the technology with high safety and minimal potential risk of fire or explosion. These advantages of flow battery technologies make such devices very suitable for energy storage applications.As a representative flow battery technology, the vanadium flow battery (VFB) has long been considered as one of the most mature technologies and is currently at the commercial demonstration stage. [8,15] However, some limitations and challenges, e.g., the relatively high cost [16] and low energy density, still need to be overcome to realize its industrialization. Recently, tremendous efforts have been devoted to exploring and developing novel flow battery technologies with low costs and high energy densities, e.g., zinc-based flow batteries (ZFBs), [17][18][19][20][21] polymer-based flow batteries, [22][23][24] and quinone-based flow batteries. [25][26][27][28] These newly developed flow battery technologies have demonstrated promise for energy storage applications, although most are still in development in the lab.Zinc-based flow batteries (ZFBs) are well suitable for stationary energy storage applications because of their high energy density and low-cost advantages. Nevertheless, their wide application is still confronted with challenges, which are mainly from advanced materials. Therefore, research on advanced materials for ZFBs in terms of electrodes, membranes, and electrolytes as well as their chemistries are of the utmost importance. Herein, the focus is on the scientific understandings of the fundamental design of these advanced materials and their chemistries in relation to the battery performance. The principles of using different...

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“…CVs at different scan rates were also investigated to understand the nature of the electrode reaction; the relationships between Br 2 reduction peak current ( I p ) and the square root of the scan rates ( v 1/2 ) are plotted in Figure c and d. As the scan rate increases, the onset oxidation potential and the reduction peak shifts toward more positive and negative values, respectively, suggesting that the redox reaction of Br 2 /Br − is quasi‐reversible . It is found that the I p of CP is linearly proportional to v 1/2 , which indicates that the Br 2 reduction on CP is mainly controlled by mass transfer …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23,24] It is found that the I p of CP is linearly proportional to v 1/2 ,w hich indicates that the Br 2 reduction on CP is mainly controlled by mass transfer. [34][35][36] Thep ractical application of CP as ap ositivee lectrode was evaluated for al ab-scale ZBFB.A st he CP is thin and cannot be used in af low-through mode,t he battery in this work features at hin positive electrode interfacing as erpentine flow-field structure,i nw hicht he electrolyte is fed through the flow field to electrodeb yacombination of diffusion and convection. Thec omparison of the cell structure in this work with the conventional one is illustrated in Figure 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Zinc–Bromine Flow Battery with Improved Design of Cell Structure and Electrodes

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2018

Energy Tech

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The zinc–bromine flow battery (ZBFB) is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage owing to its high energy density and low cost. However, because of the large internal resistance and poor electrocatalytic activity of graphite‐ or carbon‐felt electrodes, conventional ZBFBs usually can only be operated at a relatively low current density, which limits their widespread application. Herein, we propose an asymmetrical cell by replacing the conventional thick felt electrode with a thin and electrocatalytically active carbon‐paper (CP) electrode interfacing with a flow‐field structure. With the enhanced electrocatalytic activity of CP for the Br2/Br− redox reaction and the reduced internal resistance of the thinner electrode, the ZBFB with this newly proposed structure exhibits an energy efficiency of up to 83.5 % at a current density of 40 mA cm−2, much higher than that with a graphite‐felt electrode of only 73.0 %. Remarkably, the battery can even be operated at a high current density up to 100 mA cm−2 while maintaining an energy efficiency of more than 70 %, demonstrating an excellent rate capability.

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Bimodal highly ordered mesostructure carbon with high activity for Br2/Br− redox couple in bromine based batteries

Cited by 89 publications

References 31 publications

A high-performance dual-scale porous electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries

A high-performance dual-scale porous electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries

Advanced Materials for Zinc‐Based Flow Battery: Development and Challenge

A Zinc–Bromine Flow Battery with Improved Design of Cell Structure and Electrodes

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