A high-performance dual-scale porous electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries

Zhou, Xuelong; Zeng, Yikai; Zhu, Xingbao; Wei, Lei; Zhao, Tianshou

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.06.048

Cited by 170 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…For a given load, the cell with the higher compression delivers the best voltage and energy efficiency with more of the battery's capacity accessed. However, the results are considerably less impressive than the recently reported record-breaking performance obtained by Zhou et al, who used chemically activated GDL 10AA electrodes to achieve EE values of 82-88% at current densities of 200-400 mA cm −2 [25]. The charge-discharge cycles were analyzed to determine current efficiency (CE), voltage efficiency (VE) and energy efficiency (EE) given by Equations (5)- (7) [17], where Q d is the charge passed during discharge, Q c is the charge passed during charge, P d is the discharge power and P c is the charging power.…”

Section: Vrfb Cyclingcontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Vrfb Cyclingcontrasting

confidence: 61%

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High-Performance Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries with Graphite Felt Electrodes

Davies

Tummino

2018

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A key objective in the development of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) is the improvement of cell power density. At present, most commercially available VRFBs use graphite felt electrodes under relatively low compression. This results in a large cell ohmic resistance and limits the maximum power density. To date, the best performing VRFBs have used carbon paper electrodes, with high active area compression pressures, similar to that used in fuel cells. This article investigates the use of felt electrodes at similar compression pressures. Single cells are assembled using compression pressures of 0.2-7.5 bar and tested in a VRFB system. The highest cell compression pressure, combined with a thin Nafion membrane, achieved a peak power density of 669 mW cm −2 at a flow rate of 3.2 mL min −1 per cm 2 of active area, more than double the previous best performance from a felt-VRFB. The results suggest that felt electrodes can compete with paper electrodes in terms of performance when under similar compression pressures, which should help guide electrode development and cell optimization in this important energy storage technology.

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Section: Vrfb Cyclingcontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Vrfb Cyclingcontrasting

confidence: 61%

High-Performance Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries with Graphite Felt Electrodes

Davies

Tummino

2018

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“…In fuel cell designs thin carbon paper electrodes in direct contact with the membrane are used to shorten the anode‐cathode distance, minimizing the ohmic loss, while serpentine flow fields ensure sufficient mass transport . Such cell architecture has also been recently applied in the VRFB systems . However, the reduced surface area of thin carbon paper, compared to the traditional 3–5 mm thick porous graphite felt electrodes in VRFBs, can result in larger polarization especially at high current densities.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Modification Based on MoO₃ as Electrocatalysts for High Power Density Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

2017

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Molybdenum oxide MoO3 has been widely used in catalysts and electrochemical energy devices, but, to date, has not been investigated as an electrocatalyst in redox flow cells. In this study, MoO3 in the form of micro‐flakes was introduced onto carbon paper as an electrocatalyst and MoO42− as electrolyte additive for the vanadium redox couple reactions in the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). When the carbon paper was modified with MoO3 or MoO42− added to the electrolyte, the peak potential separations were measured as 171 and 203 mV for V2+/V3+ and 130 and 111 mV VO2+/VO2+ redox reactions, respectively, as compared with 306 and 144 mV for the bare pre‐treated carbon paper. A vanadium redox flow cell with MoO3‐CP electrodes exhibited a voltage efficiency of 85.4 % at 100 mA cm−2. The power density reached 200 mW cm−2 at a current density of 150 mA cm−2 when cycled within the voltage range of 0.6–1.7 V. These results indicate that MoO3‐based modification is a promising method for high power density VRFB applications.

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“…Carbon paper (CP), consisting of carbon microfibers manufactured into a flat sheet, which are widely applied as microporous layers in fuel cells, has been recognized as a promising electrode material for VRFBs, with which significant improvements in power density and efficiency have been achieved . In particular, Aaron et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Zinc–Bromine Flow Battery with Improved Design of Cell Structure and Electrodes

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2018

Energy Tech

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The zinc–bromine flow battery (ZBFB) is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage owing to its high energy density and low cost. However, because of the large internal resistance and poor electrocatalytic activity of graphite‐ or carbon‐felt electrodes, conventional ZBFBs usually can only be operated at a relatively low current density, which limits their widespread application. Herein, we propose an asymmetrical cell by replacing the conventional thick felt electrode with a thin and electrocatalytically active carbon‐paper (CP) electrode interfacing with a flow‐field structure. With the enhanced electrocatalytic activity of CP for the Br2/Br− redox reaction and the reduced internal resistance of the thinner electrode, the ZBFB with this newly proposed structure exhibits an energy efficiency of up to 83.5 % at a current density of 40 mA cm−2, much higher than that with a graphite‐felt electrode of only 73.0 %. Remarkably, the battery can even be operated at a high current density up to 100 mA cm−2 while maintaining an energy efficiency of more than 70 %, demonstrating an excellent rate capability.

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A high-performance dual-scale porous electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries

Cited by 170 publications

References 45 publications

High-Performance Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries with Graphite Felt Electrodes

High-Performance Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries with Graphite Felt Electrodes

Modification Based on MoO₃ as Electrocatalysts for High Power Density Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

A Zinc–Bromine Flow Battery with Improved Design of Cell Structure and Electrodes

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A high-performance dual-scale porous electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries

Cited by 170 publications

References 45 publications

High-Performance Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries with Graphite Felt Electrodes

High-Performance Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries with Graphite Felt Electrodes

Modification Based on MoO3 as Electrocatalysts for High Power Density Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

A Zinc–Bromine Flow Battery with Improved Design of Cell Structure and Electrodes

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Modification Based on MoO₃ as Electrocatalysts for High Power Density Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries