Bimetallic Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Biosensor Platforms for Clinical Applications

Abstract

Diabetes is a foremost health issue that results in ~4 million deaths every year and ~170 million people suffering globally. Though there is no treatment for diabetes yet, the blood glucose level of diabetic patients should be checked closely to avoid further problems. Screening glucose in blood has become a vital requirement, and thus the fabrication of advanced and sensitive blood sugar detection methodologies for clinical analysis and individual care. Bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) are nanosized structures that are of rising interest in many clinical applications. Although their fabrication shares characteristics with physicochemical methodologies for the synthesis of corresponding mono-metallic counterparts, they can display several interesting new properties and applications as a significance of the synergetic effect between their two components. These applications can be as diverse as clinical diagnostics, anti-bacterial/anti-cancer treatments or biological imaging analyses, and drug delivery. However, the exploitation of BMNPs in such fields has received a small amount of attention predominantly due to the vital lack of understanding and concerns mainly on the usage of other nanostructured materials, such as stability and bio-degradability over extended-time, ability to form clusters, chemical reactivity, and biocompatibility. In this review article, a close look at bimetallic nanomaterial based glucose biosensing approaches is discussed, concentrating on their clinical applications as detection of glucose in various real sample sources, showing substantial development of their features related to corresponding monometallic counterparts and other existing used nanomaterials for clinical applications.

Highly Porous 3D Gold Enhances Sensitivity of Amperometric Biosensors Based on Oxidases and CuCe Nanoparticles

“…As a result, a pAu-modified electrode significantly increases the number of adsorption sites for enzymes and other biomolecules, thus improving electron transport in comparison with corresponding electrodes with nonporous surfaces. Thus, due to its intriguing properties, pAu is a very promising material for application in (bio)sensing, energy storage, diagnostic medicine, and drug delivery [ 14 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Latest advances in biomimetic nanomaterials for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease

“…The application of nanoalloys can reduce the usage of noble metals and enhance the catalytic activity of created nanomaterials ( 31 ). In recent years, the design and synthesis of bimetallic materials based on the elemental composition, microstructure, and other factors have been instrumental in substituting for noble metals and enhancing catalytic activity and selectivity ( 32 ).…”

Nanomaterial Constructs for Catalytic Applications in Biomedicine: Nanobiocatalysts and Nanozymes

“…Furthermore, glucose oxidase (GOx) has been widely used with excellent results in terms of sensitivity and selectivity when integrated into nanostructured enzyme-based glucose sensors. Nowadays, the application of novel and non-toxic nanomaterials is vital for the control of diabetes [17].…”