Bile Acids: Physiological Activity and Perspectives of Using in Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics

Shansky, Ya. D.; Bespyatykh, Julia

doi:10.3390/molecules27227830

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 169 publications

(324 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They contain a rigid hydrophobic steroid nucleus formed by four condensed rings, marked A, B, C (with six C atoms) and D (with five C atoms), as well as a flexible side alkyl chain terminated with a carboxyl group. Cycles A and B are linked in cis configuration, while cycles B-C, C-D are bound in trans configuration ( Figure 2 ) [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. The binding in cis position of cycles A and B determines a curvature of the steroid skeleton, which allows the existence of two faces: α and β [ 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Lipid-lowering Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bile Acid Sequestrants Based on Natural and Synthetic Gels

Stanciu¹,

Nichifor²,

Teacă³

2023

Gels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bile acid sequestrants (BASs) are non-systemic therapeutic agents used for the management of hypercholesterolemia. They are generally safe and not associated with serious systemic adverse effects. Usually, BASs are cationic polymeric gels that have the ability to bind bile salts in the small intestine and eliminate them by excretion of the non-absorbable polymer–bile salt complex. This review gives a general presentation of bile acids and the characteristics and mechanisms of action of BASs. The chemical structures and methods of synthesis are shown for commercial BASs of first- (cholestyramine, colextran, and colestipol) and second-generation (colesevelam and colestilan) and potential BASs. The latter are based on either synthetic polymers such as poly((meth)acrylates/acrylamides), poly(alkylamines), poly(allylamines) and vinyl benzyl amino polymers or biopolymers, such as cellulose, dextran, pullulan, methylan, and poly(cyclodextrins). A separate section is dedicated to molecular imprinting polymers (MIPs) because of their great selectivity and affinity for the template molecules used in the imprinting technique. Focus is given to the understanding of the relationships between the chemical structure of these cross-linked polymers and their potential to bind bile salts. The synthetic pathways used in obtaining BASs and their in vitro and in vivo hypolipidemic activities are also introduced.

show abstract

Section: Lipid-lowering Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bile Acid Sequestrants Based on Natural and Synthetic Gels

Stanciu¹,

Nichifor²,

Teacă³

2023

Gels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Bile acid metabolism is a sophisticated process that extends through the enterohepatic circulation, involving various stages such as bile acid synthesis in the liver, bile secretion, intestinal absorption, metabolic conversion, and hepatic reabsorption. [ 10 , 11 ] Emerging research has demonstrated that the bile acid profile undergoes specific changes in response to diverse disease states, [ 12 ] highlighting its potential as a biomarker for diagnosing complex conditions. In contrast to traditional total bile acid measurement, a thorough examination of the bile acid profile offers deeper insights into pathology, paving the way for accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bile acid profiles and classification model accuracy for inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis

Xu,

Shen,

et al. 2024

Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To investigate the utility of serum bile acid profiling for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We analyzed 15 specific bile acids in the serum of 269 IBD patients, 200 healthy controls (HC), and 174 patients with other intestinal diseases (OID) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Serum bile acid levels were compared between IBD group, HC group, and OID group. Binary logistic regression-based models were developed to model the bile acids and diagnose IBD. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of each bile acid and the model. Compared to HC group, IBD group exhibited significantly lower levels of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), glycolithocholic acid (GLCA), taurolithocholic acid (TLCA), and an elevated primary-to-secondary bile acid ratio. DCA had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.860 for diagnosing IBD, with a sensitivity of 80.67% and a specificity of 82.50%. A model Y0 combining DCA and CDCA to distinguish between IBD group and HC group further improved accuracy (AUC = 0.866, sensitivity = 76.28%, specificity = 89.37%). Compared to non-IBD group (which combined healthy controls and those with other intestinal diseases), IBD group had significantly lower levels of DCA, GDCA, TDCA, LCA, GLCA, and TLCA, and elevated levels of glycocholic acid (GCA) and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA). A model Y1 incorporating GCDCA, DCA and TLCA to distinguish between IBD group and non-IBD group yielded an AUC of 0.792, with a sensitivity of 77.67% and specificity of 71.91%. IBD patients exhibit decreased serum secondary bile acid levels and an elevated primary-to-secondary bile acid ratio. Serum bile acid alterations are associated with the onset of IBD. A model consisting of CDCA and DCA has potential for distinguishing between IBD group and HC group, while a model incorporating GCDCA, DCA and TLCA may be suitable for distinguishing between IBD group and non-IBD group.

show abstract

Isomeric differentiation of bile acids using three‐dimensional MS² spectrum

Niu,

Zhou,

Zhao

et al. 2024

J Chinese Chemical Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bile acids (BAs) currently occupy the research hotspot because of their unreplaceable physiological functions as well as their unique abilities to reflect the physiopathological status. It is always challenging to characterize BAs‐submetabolome using LC–MS/MS, primarily attributing to the high‐level structural diversity. The key obstructing confirmative identification is isomeric identification because of the inherent “isomer‐blind” disadvantage of MS/MS. The isomerism styles of BAs are broadly divided into: type‐I, 5α‐H and 5β‐H epimers; type‐II, α‐OH and β‐OH epimers; type‐III, C‐OH positional isomers; and type‐IV, hybrid isomers bearing two or more isomerism fashions. Herein, we aim to comprehensively pursue isomer‐selective clues for BAs through constructing three‐dimensional MS2 (3D‐MS2) spectrum that was accomplished by fortifying energy‐resolved MS (ER‐MS) program as the new dimension. The breakdown graphs of primary MS2 spectral signals composed of 3D‐MS2 spectrum namely full collision energy ramp (FCER)‐MS2 spectrum for each BA species after appropriate normalization, and seven isomeric BAs covering all isomerism styles were utilized as representative cases. After recording MS2 spectra with progressive CE levels, differences were observed for their FCER‐MS2 spectra. Diagnostic fragment ions (DFIs) occurred within type‐I, type‐II, type‐III or type‐IV isomers, and noteworthily, 2.02 Da neutral loss discriminated BAs containing cis‐6,7‐diol and trans‐6,7‐diol functional groups. Notably, the features such as the maximal relative ion intensity (RIImax) and optimal CE (OCE) enabled isomeric differentiation for all types, even type‐II and type‐III isomers. Above all, it is feasible to acquire in‐depth isomer‐selective MS/MS clues for BAs using FCER‐MS2 spectrum, regardless of the isomerism manner.

show abstract

Bile Acids: Physiological Activity and Perspectives of Using in Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics

Cited by 9 publications

References 169 publications

Bile Acid Sequestrants Based on Natural and Synthetic Gels

Bile Acid Sequestrants Based on Natural and Synthetic Gels

Bile acid profiles and classification model accuracy for inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis

Isomeric differentiation of bile acids using three‐dimensional MS² spectrum

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Bile Acids: Physiological Activity and Perspectives of Using in Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics

Cited by 9 publications

References 169 publications

Bile Acid Sequestrants Based on Natural and Synthetic Gels

Bile Acid Sequestrants Based on Natural and Synthetic Gels

Bile acid profiles and classification model accuracy for inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis

Isomeric differentiation of bile acids using three‐dimensional MS2 spectrum

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Isomeric differentiation of bile acids using three‐dimensional MS² spectrum